{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T01:46:30Z","timestamp":1769305590672,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"APA SAMHSA Substance Abuse Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals with substance use disorders and\/or mental health (MH) conditions have higher rates of cigarette smoking than the general population. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) while gaining popularity pose health risks. Herein we investigate risk perceptions and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in military Veterans with MH conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants included U.S. Veterans receiving services from Veterans Administration MH\/substance use disorder clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area (N\u2009=\u200998; 95% male, 44% White, 34% Black\/African American), who completed a survey on smoking and health. Results compare attitudes and perceptions regarding e-cigarette use between ever and never e-cigarette users. The study was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board at both the Veterans Administration and University.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most respondents reported being current\/past cigarette smokers (91%) and over a third reported having ever used an e-cigarette (38%). Most believed that e-cigarettes are not safe, are potentially dangerous, are potentially addictive if they use every day and are tempting and appealing to youth. Fifty-one percent of ever-users agreed with a statement that e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking regular cigarettes completely, and there was a significant difference in this belief when comparing them with never-users (23% agreed); \u03c72\u2009=\u20099.259, P\u2009=\u20090.010.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Proportion of e-cigarette use in this Veteran sample is greater than the general population. We observed high risk perception about e-cigarettes among all respondents and differences in perceived helpfulness of e-cigarettes for quitting in ever-users versus never-users in this sample. More consistent assessment of tobacco use among Veterans, with inclusion of ENDS use, would help inform prevention and treatment priorities, especially as information on health impacts of ENDS surfaces.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T11:54:16Z","timestamp":1601639656000},"page":"24-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["E-Cigarette Use and Perceptions Among Veterans Receiving Outpatient Treatment in Veterans Affairs Substance Use and Mental Health Clinics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"186","author":[{"suffix":"BA","given":"Devika","family":"Dixit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143"},{"name":"Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"MD","given":"Ellen","family":"Herbst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143"},{"name":"Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5717"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(20)","key":"2021013015070912300_R1","article-title":"Smoking and mental illness","volume":"284","author":"Lasser","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"2021013015070912300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6701a2","article-title":"Tobacco product use among military veterans \u2014 United States, 2010\u20132015","volume":"67","author":"Odani","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"2021013015070912300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.536904","article-title":"Smoking and mental illness: a population study in South Australia","volume":"45","author":"Bowden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"2021013015070912300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1915-2","article-title":"Smoking cessation interventions for patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Gierisch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Internal Med"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"2021013015070912300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.188136","article-title":"Smoking characteristics of adults with selected lifetime mental illnesses: results from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"100","author":"Mcclave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"2021013015070912300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.6.1144","article-title":"A meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions with individuals in substance abuse treatment or recovery","volume":"72","author":"Prochaska","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2021013015070912300_R7","article-title":"Smoking & Tobacco Use: Electronic Cigarettes","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"issue":"(e2)","key":"2021013015070912300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053462","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use among US adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014","volume":"26","author":"Coleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2021013015070912300_R9","article-title":"Patterns and trends of dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among U.S. adults, 2015-2018","volume":"16","author":"Owusu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"2021013015070912300_R10","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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