{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:34:54Z","timestamp":1780677294368,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Psychological Health\/Traumatic Brain Injury Research Program","award":["W81XWH-17-2-0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-2-0046"]}]},{"name":"Complex Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research","award":["W81XWH-17-2-0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-17-2-0046"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessment of functional recovery of service members following a concussion is central to their return to duty. Practical military-relevant performance-based tests are needed for identifying those who might need specialized rehabilitation, for evaluating the progress of recovery, and for making return-to-duty determinations. One such recently developed test is the \u2018Portable Warrior Test of Tactical Agility\u2019 (POWAR-TOTAL) assessment designed for use following concussion in an active duty population. This agility task involves maneuvers used in military training, such as rapid stand-to-prone and prone-to-stand transitions, combat rolls, and forward and backward running. The effect of concussion on the performance of such maneuvers has not been established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Institutional Review Board\u2013approved study was conducted at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina, on 57 healthy control (HC) service members (SMs) and 42 well-matched SMs who were diagnosed with concussion and were referred for physical therapy with the intent to return to duty. Each study participant performed five consecutive trials of the POWAR-TOTAL task at full exertion while wearing inertial sensors, which were used to identify the constituent task maneuvers, or phases, and measure their durations. Statistical analyses were performed on durations of three main phases: (1) rising from prone and running, (2) lowering from vertical to prone, and (3) combat rolls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the three phases showed significant correlation with age (range 18-45\u2009years) in either group. Gradual improvement in all three phase durations across five trials was observed in the HC group, but not in the concussed group. On average, control subjects performed significantly faster (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.004 or less) than concussed subjects in all trials in the lowering and rolling phases, but less so in the rising\/running phase. Membership in the concussed group had a strong effect on the lowering phase (Cohen\u2019s d\u2009=\u20091.05), medium effect on the rolling phase (d\u2009=\u20090.72), and small effect on the rising\/running phase (d\u2009=\u20090.49). Individuals in the HC group who had a history of prior concussions were intermediate between the concussed group and the never-concussed group in the lowering and rolling phases. Duration of transitional movements (lowering from standing to prone and combat rolls) was better at differentiating individuals\u2019 performance by group (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [AUC]\u2009=\u20090.83) than the duration of the entire POWAR-TOTAL task (AUC\u2009=\u20090.71).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inertial sensor analysis reveals that rapid transitional movements (such as lowering from vertical to prone position and combat rolls) are particularly discriminative between SMs recovering from concussion and their concussion-free peers. This analysis supports the validity of POWAR-TOTAL as a useful tool for therapists who serve military SMs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T15:12:38Z","timestamp":1630941158000},"page":"e637-e645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Wearable Sensors Detect Movement Differences in the Portable Warrior Test of Tactical Agility After mTBI in Service Members"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Oleg","family":"Favorov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olcay","family":"Kursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Central Arkansas , Conway, AR 72305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Challener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Cecchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva Foundation , Intrepid Spirit Center, Fort Bragg, NC 28307, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4228-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen L","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CB 7135, Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7135, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2023033100474455000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120143","article-title":"Returning service members to duty following mild traumatic brain injury: exploring the use of dual-task and multitask assessment methods","volume":"93","author":"Scherer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2023033100474455000_","article-title":"Long-term consequences of head injury and occupational impairments","author":"Garber","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023033100474455000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000104","article-title":"Development of clinical recommendations for progressive return to activity following military mTBI: guidelines for rehabilitation providers","volume":"30","author":"McCulloch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2023033100474455000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00836","article-title":"A decade of mTBI experience: what have we learned? 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