{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:30:37Z","timestamp":1756312237922},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spain is the country with the highest number of health care workers affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection in health care worker (HCW) at the G\u00f3mez Ulla Military Hospital (HCDGU).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A case-control study was conducted during the first outbreak of COVID 19 at GUMH. The study was extended to the total number of HCW in the hospital who met the inclusion criteria. Health care worker of the HCDGU were civilian and military personnel that included nursing and medicine students of Spanish Military Academy, medicine specialty residents, and nursing residents of Medical Surgical Specialty in Operations (EMQO). A questionnaire of 33 items was prepared. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to the entire population of study. With this questionnaire personnel were classified into sick (cases) or healthy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred fifty professionals answered the questionnaire. Cases were defined as those who tested positive in the diagnostic tests (n\u2009=\u200928, 20.7%) and no cases were those who tested negative (n\u2009=\u2009107, 79.3%). Therefore, the percentage of SARS-CoV-2 in the GUMH was 20.7%. Of the total number of cases, 64.3% were men (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05), with a mean age of 47.1 years (SD 13.3), a mean BMI of 25.3 (SD 3.8), and 48.2% being overweight. Of the total cases, 59.3% had \u201cA\u201d blood group type and 69.2% were Rh positive. 50% were physicians, 32.1% were nurses, and 17.9% were auxiliary nurses (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). Cases and controls with vitamin D deficiency and who took supplements had a lower risk of suffering COVID-19, with significant differences. Fever, cough, and diarrhea were found in at least 50% of the samples with significant differences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T16:32:17Z","timestamp":1635697937000},"page":"166-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Questionnaire Survey of Personal and Occupational Variables Associated With SARS-COV-2 Infection in Health Care Personnel of the Spanish Central Military Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Mj","family":"Ajejas Baz\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Military School of Health, Central Defense Academy , Madrid 28047, Spain"},{"name":"Nursing Department, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Faculty, Complutense University , Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Fuentes Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination and Teaching Department, Central Defense Hospital , Madrid 28047, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L E","family":"Ballester Orcal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBRN Infectious Diseases Department and Medical Medicine Department, Hospital Central de la Defensa , Madrid 28047, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Puerro Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1 , Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Herrero P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirectorate General for Planning, Directorate General of Personnel, Ministry of Defence , Madrid 28046, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"W\u00e4rnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of M\u00e1laga , M\u00e1laga 29071, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F J","family":"P\u00e9rez Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Faculty, Complutense University , Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"P\u00e9rez Farin\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of M\u00e1laga , M\u00e1laga 29071, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA) , M\u00e1laga 29071, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2023010800070274100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2004.06.005","article-title":"Heroes of SARS: professional roles and ethics of health care workers","volume":"49","author":"Hsin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.006","article-title":"Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R3","volume-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the EU\/EEA and the UK \u2014 ninth update, ECDC; 2020","author":"ECDC"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R4","volume-title":"Informe n\u00ba 31. Situaci\u00f3n de COVID-19 en Espa\u00f1a a 14 de mayo de","year":"2020"},{"issue":"16","key":"2023010800070274100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa287","article-title":"Risk factors of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China","volume":"71","author":"Ran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.07.20189050","article-title":"Seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers of the Sanitary Region VIII, at province of Buenos Aires","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023010800070274100_R7","first-page":"529","volume":"220","author":"Trull\u00e0s","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.12.20129619","article-title":"COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers and transmission within households","author":"Kevin","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"13","key":"2023010800070274100_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134881","volume":"17","author":"Nienhaus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R10","article-title":"Factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables para COVID-19: resultados del UK Biobank","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023010800070274100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13063","article-title":"El tratamiento antiviral temprano contribuye a aliviar la gravedad y mejorar el pron\u00f3stico de los pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus nuevo (COVID-19)","volume":"288","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023010800070274100_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19623-x","article-title":"Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death","volume":"11","author":"Zietz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023010800070274100_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2005-395","article-title":"The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome","volume":"50","author":"Hakan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.06.026","article-title":"Relationship between ABO blood group distribution and clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19","volume":"509","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"13","key":"2023010800070274100_R15","first-page":"1239","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa626","article-title":"Influenza vaccine does not increase the risk of coronavirus or other non-influenza respiratory viruses: retrospective analysis from Canada, 2010\u201311 to 2016\u201317","author":"Skowronski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26120","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence for association between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy","author":"Marin-Hernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109752","article-title":"The possible beneficial adjuvant effect of influenza vaccine to minimize the severity of COVID-19","volume":"140","author":"Salem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypothesis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023010800070274100_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.564387","article-title":"Association between vitamin D and novel SARS-CoV-2 respiratory dysfunction - a scoping review of current evidence and its implication for COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Santaolalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198235","article-title":"Putative roles of vitamin D in modulating immune response and immunopathology associated with COVID-19","volume":"292","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2020.100003","article-title":"Occupational psychosocial risks of health professionals in the face of the crisis produced by the COVID-19: from the identification of these risks to immediate action","volume":"2","author":"Blanco-Donoso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud Adv"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R22","article-title":"Empfehlungen der BAuA zum Einsatz von Schutzmasken im Zusammenhang mit SARS-CoV-2","author":"German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin\u2014BAuA)"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.12.053","article-title":"The association between resident physician work hour regulations and physician safety and health","author":"Weaver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6915e6external","article-title":"Characteristics of health care personnel with COVID-19","volume":"69","author":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023010800070274100_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9673","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical presentation of health care workers with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 in 2 Dutch hospitals during an early phase of the pandemic","author":"Kluytmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/188\/1-2\/166\/48494584\/usab366.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/188\/1-2\/166\/48494584\/usab366.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T00:07:24Z","timestamp":1673136444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article\/188\/1-2\/166\/6414334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usab366","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-4075","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-613X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]}}}