{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:53:54Z","timestamp":1771653234548,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9-10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many service members (SMs) have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury. Currently, military treatment facilities do not have access to established normative tables which can assist clinicians in gauging and comparing patient-reported symptoms. The aim of this study is to provide average scores for both the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) for active duty SMs based upon varying demographic groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Average scores were calculated for both the NSI and PCL-5 surveys from SMs who attended a military outpatient traumatic brain injury clinic. For this analysis, only the initial surveys for each SM were considered. The identifying demographics included age group, gender, grade, and race.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four normative tables were created to show the average scores of both the NSI and PCL-5 surveys grouped by demographics. The tables are grouped by Age Group\/Gender\/Race and Grade\/Gender\/Race.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinicians and healthcare administrators can use the scores reported in this study to determine where SM NSI or PCL-5 scores fall within the average for their demographic group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usac189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T12:07:34Z","timestamp":1657195654000},"page":"3127-3133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["NSI and PCL-5 Normative Tables for Active Duty Service Members Affected by Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Juliana Z","family":"Llop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"},{"name":"Booz Allen Hamilton , McLean, VA 22012, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn A","family":"Nix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Brooke Army Medical Center , JBSA, TX 78234, USA"},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. , Bethesda, MD 20817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa H","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence , JBSA, TX 78234, USA"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology , Falls Church, VA 22042, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy O","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Brooke Army Medical Center , JBSA, TX 78234, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus J","family":"Caban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023083018174489400_R1","volume-title":"DoD Numbers for Traumatic Brain Injury","author":"TBICoE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023083018174489400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.01.0006","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain, posttraumatic stress disorder, and persistent postconcussive symptoms in OIF\/OEF veterans: polytrauma clinical triad","volume":"46","author":"Lew Henry","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023083018174489400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12726","article-title":"A cohort study examining headaches among veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan wars: associations with traumatic brain injury, PTSD, and depression","volume":"56","author":"Jaramillo 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traumatic brain injury in the deployed setting","volume-title":"Vol Directive Type Memorandum 09-033","author":"Lynn","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023083018174489400_R11","article-title":"Warning order 1 to operation order 19-51: required clinical tools for medical personnel in the assessment and management of traumatic brain injury","author":"Lodi","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023083018174489400_R12","article-title":"The ptsd checklist for dsm-5 (pcl-5)","volume-title":"Scale available from the National Center for PTSD","author":"Weathers Frank","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023083018174489400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins Christy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"2023083018174489400_R14","article-title":"Military and civilian pay levels, trends, and recruit quality tech. rep.RAND Corporation","author":"Hosek","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023083018174489400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-203082","article-title":"Predictors of neurobehavioral symptom reporting in a community based sample with mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"47","author":"Esterov","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"2023083018174489400_R16","article-title":"Neurobehavioral symptoms in US Special Operations Forces in rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: a TBI Model Systems study","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023083018174489400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2014.894576","article-title":"Normative data for the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and post-concussion symptom profiles among TBI, PTSD, and nonclinical samples","volume":"28","author":"Soble 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