{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:11:18Z","timestamp":1780053078225,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7-8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018131","name":"Durham Center of Innovation to ADAPT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Peer support is a well-established part of veteran care and a cost-effective way to support individuals pursuing health behavior change. Common models of peer support, peer coaching, and mutual peer support have limitations that could be minimized by building on the strengths of each to increase the overall reach and effectiveness. We conducted a 12-week, proof-of-concept study to test the acceptability and feasibility of a hybrid model of peer support which supplements dyadic mutual peer support with as-needed peer coaching.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We tested our novel peer support model within the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction as a support mechanism for the promotion of heart-healthy diet and exercise behaviors. We recruited peer buddies (participants who would be matched with each other to provide mutual support) with at least one uncontrolled CVD risk factor (i.e., blood pressure, weight, or diabetes) and peer coaches (individuals who would provide additional, as-needed support for peer buddies) with a recent history of CVD health behavior improvement. We aimed for 50% of peer buddies to be women to assess for potential gender differences in intervention engagement. Participants received didactic instruction during three group sessions, and peer dyads were instructed to communicate weekly with their peer buddy to problem-solve around action plans and behavioral goals. We tracked frequency of dyadic communication and conducted semi-structured interviews at the intervention\u2019s end to assess acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited three peer coaches and 12 peer buddies. Ten buddies (five dyads) met at the first group session, and all were still in weekly contact with each other at week 12. Peer buddies had a mean of 8.75 out of 12 possible weekly peer buddy communications (range 6-15 in total). Peer coaches provided additional support to four participants over 12\u2009weeks. Participants reported liking the intervention, including mixed-gender groups. Clarity and expectation setting around the role of peer coaches were important.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The supplementation of mutual peer support with as-needed peer coaching is an acceptable and feasible way to expand the potential reach and effectiveness of peer support for behavior change among veterans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usac295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T11:56:38Z","timestamp":1665662198000},"page":"e1569-e1575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Innovation to Expand the Reach of Peer Support: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4419-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Durham, NC 27701, USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC 27701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrine I","family":"Voils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital , Madison, WI 53705, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI 53792, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori A","family":"Bastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT 06516, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Heisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann Arbor VA Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48015, USA"},{"name":"University of Michigan, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation , Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren K","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Durham, NC 27701, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Woolson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Durham, NC 27701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"White-Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Durham, NC 27701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zervakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Durham, NC 27701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Z","family":"Oddone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System , Durham, NC 27701, USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, NC 27701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072301111128300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(02)00092-5","article-title":"Peer support within a health care context: a concept analysis","volume":"40(3)","author":"Dennis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.10.009","article-title":"Economics of community health workers for chronic disease: findings from community guide systematic reviews","volume":"56(3)","author":"Jacob","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-017-0042-3","article-title":"Peer support of complex health behaviors in prevention and disease management with special reference to diabetes: systematic reviews","volume":"3(4)","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01488","article-title":"Evaluation of a peer-led asthma self-management program and benefits of the program for adolescent peer leaders","volume":"57(12)","author":"Rhee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00007","article-title":"Diabetes control with reciprocal peer support versus nurse care management: a randomized trial","volume":"153(8)","author":"Heisler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-013-0215-2","article-title":"Peer-delivered physical activity interventions: an overlooked opportunity for physical activity promotion","volume":"3(4)","author":"Ginis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R7","author":"Congress t. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2010"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000297","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to participation in a peer support intervention for veterans with chronic pain","volume":"32(6)","author":"Matthias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21859","article-title":"The role of military social support in understanding the relationship between PTSD, physical health, and healthcare utilization in women veterans","volume":"26(6)","author":"Lehavot","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2023072301111128300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00373.x","article-title":"Health status among 28,000 women veterans. The VA women\u2019s health program evaluation project","volume":"21","author":"Frayne","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000223","article-title":"Peer-delivered services: current trends and innovations","volume":"39(3)","author":"Rogers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1315","article-title":"Early experiences of employing consumer-providers in the VA","volume":"59(11)","author":"Chinman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-013-9365-8","article-title":"Implementation of consumer providers into mental health intensive case management teams","volume":"42(1)","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1307","article-title":"Integrating peer-provided services: a quasi-experimental study of recovery orientation, confidence, and empowerment","volume":"59(11)","author":"Resnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00004","article-title":"Peer mentoring and financial incentives to improve glucose control in African American veterans: a randomized trial","volume":"156(6)","author":"Long","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw138","article-title":"How do patients with chronic pain benefit from a peer-supported pain self-management intervention? A qualitative investigation","volume":"17(12)","author":"Matthias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465816000539","article-title":"Developing a peer support protocol for improving veterans\u2019 engagement to computer-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy","volume":"45(3)","author":"Ray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2018.08.011","article-title":"Veteran peer coaches optimizing and advancing cardiac health (Vet-COACH); design and rationale for a randomized controlled trial of peer support among veterans with poorly controlled hypertension and other CVD risks","volume":"73","author":"Nelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201600290","article-title":"Homeless veterans\u2019 use of peer mentors and effects on costs and utilization in VA clinics","volume":"68(6)","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182585cb6","article-title":"A scoping study of one-to-one peer mentorship interventions and recommendations for application with veterans with postdeployment syndrome","volume":"27(4)","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1883-6","article-title":"Qualitative analysis of peer coaches\u2019 experiences with counseling African Americans about reducing heart disease risk","volume":"27(2)","author":"Barg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000147","article-title":"Randomized controlled effectiveness trial of reciprocal peer support in heart failure","volume":"6(2)","author":"Heisler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400454","article-title":"Augmenting ongoing depression care with a mutual peer support intervention versus self-help materials alone: a randomized trial","volume":"67(2)","author":"Valenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000161","article-title":"From ideas to efficacy: the ORBIT model for developing behavioral treatments for chronic diseases","volume":"34(10)","author":"Czajkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023072301111128300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.08.002","article-title":"Characteristics and health care preferences associated with cardiovascular disease risk among women Veterans.","volume":"27","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R26","article-title":"Women veterans views on the role of peer support to improve heart health","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Gen Int Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R27","volume-title":"Health Behavior and Health Education","author":"Glanz","year":"2002","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R28","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications","author":"Carver","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-008-0028-y","article-title":"The information-motivation-behavioral skills model of antiretroviral adherence and its applications","volume":"5(4)","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2015-0547","article-title":"Does gender moderate the direct and indirect relationships between different sources of social support and adolescents\u2019 physical activity?","volume":"13(8)","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800162","article-title":"Living well: an intervention to improve medical illness self-management among individuals with serious mental illness","volume":"70(1)","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-019-0853-y","article-title":"Comparison of rapid vs in-depth qualitative analytic methods from a process evaluation of academic detailing in the Veterans Health Administration","volume":"14 (1)","author":"Gale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2023072301111128300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1761","article-title":"Enriching patient-centered medical homes through peer support","volume":"13","author":"Daaleman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303180a","article-title":"Peer support for the hardly reached: a systematic review","volume":"106 (7)","author":"Sokol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1315","article-title":"Early experiences of employing consumer-providers in the VA","volume":"59 (11)","author":"Chinman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R36","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Volume 4: Longitudinal Trends in Sociodemographics, Utilization, Health Profile, and Geographic Distribution","author":"Frayne","year":"2018"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2023072301111128300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S571","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2323-y","article-title":"Women veterans\u2019 healthcare delivery preferences and use by military service era: findings from the National Survey of Women Veterans","volume":"28","author":"Washington","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2021.11.011","article-title":"Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health","volume":"32","author":"Chrystal","journal-title":"Women's Health Issues"},{"key":"2023072301111128300_R39","author":"Deborah Sampson Act"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023072301111128300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300551","article-title":"Patient-Centered Mental Health Care for Female Veterans","volume":"66","author":"Kimerling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/188\/7-8\/e1569\/50937273\/usac295.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/188\/7-8\/e1569\/50937273\/usac295.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T01:17:28Z","timestamp":1690075048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article\/188\/7-8\/e1569\/6760144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usac295","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-4075","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-613X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]}}}