{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:23:18Z","timestamp":1779193398962,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3-4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Considering the potential of weaponized opioids, evaluating how prophylactic countermeasures affect military-relevant performance is necessary. Naltrexone is a commercially available Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved medication that blocks the effects of opioids with minimal side effects. However, the effects of naltrexone on the health and performance of non-substance abusing military personnel are not well described in the existing literature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Active duty U.S. Army Soldiers (n\u2009=\u200916, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, age: 23.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3 y) completed a series of physical, cognitive, and marksmanship tasks during a 4-day pretrial, a 7-day active trial, and a 4-day post-trial phase. During the active trial, participants were administered 50\u2009mg of oral naltrexone daily. Physiological and biological processes were monitored with a daily review of systems, sleep monitoring, biochemistry, and hematology blood panels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Naltrexone did not negatively affect physical performance, cognitive functioning, marksmanship, or sleep duration (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Improvements were observed during the active trial compared to the pretrial phase in cognitive tasks measuring logical relations (P\u2009=\u20090.05), matching to sample (P\u2009=\u20090.04), math speed (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), math percent correct (P\u2009=\u20090.04), and spatial processing (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Results from biochemistry and hematology blood panels remained within clinically normative ranges throughout all phases of the study. No participants were medically withdrawn; however, one participant voluntarily withdrew due to nausea and reduced appetite.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Temporary (7-day) daily use of naltrexone was safe and did not negatively affect physical performance, cognitive functioning, marksmanship ability, or sleep in a healthy cohort of U.S. Army Soldiers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usad325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T14:37:08Z","timestamp":1693406228000},"page":"e515-e521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Daily Naltrexone Use Does Not Adversely Affect Physical, Cognitive or Marksmanship Performance in\u00a0U.S. Army Soldiers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Jamie 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