{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:27:00Z","timestamp":1787009220988,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5-6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Military veterans are at increased risk of substance use disorders. Limited research is available about veterans\u2019 cannabis use (CU) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study estimated the prevalence of past 30-day CU, investigated individual-level correlates of past 30-day CU, and evaluated the reasons (medical, recreational, or both) of past 30-day CU among U.S. Veterans during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used population-based, cross-sectional data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Marijuana Use model. The sample included nationally representative military veterans aged 18+\u2009years (n\u2009=\u200911,167). The outcome was past 30-day CU. Individual-level demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical correlates were examined. Analyses were weighted to account for the survey\u2019s complex design with results generalizable to nearly 2.9 million veterans. We conducted weighted descriptive statistics, prevalence estimates, and multivariable logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 2.9 million veterans, 11.1% self-reported as non-Hispanic Black, 3.7% Hispanic, and 79.1% non-Hispanic White; 88.5% were men, and 72.8% were aged 50+\u2009years. About 14.6% were current tobacco smokers, 4.7% were current e-cigarette users, 12.5% were binge alcohol drinkers, and 43.4% had three or more comorbid conditions. Overall, 8.5% reported CU in the past 30\u2009days, of which 30.4% used it for medical reasons and 25.8% used it for nonmedical reasons. The prevalence of past 30-day CU decreased with age, education, and income level. Compared to their counterparts, the odds of past 30-day CU were greater among men, those living in urban areas, those with frequent mental distress, infrequent physical distress, and those who had at least one comorbid condition. Non-Hispanic Black veterans had 89% increased odds of past 30-day CU (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-3.0) compared with non-Hispanic White veterans. Current tobacco smokers had 3.54 (95% CI, 2.40-5.24) and former smokers had 1.78 (95% CI, 1.28-2.47) times higher odds of reporting past 30-day CU than never smokers. Current e-cigarette use (AOR\u2009=\u20093.37, 95% CI, 2.20-5.16) and binge drinking (AOR\u2009=\u20093.18, 95% CI, 2.29-4.41) were also statistically significantly associated with increased odds of past 30-day CU compared to no e-cigarette use and no binge drinking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CU is prevalent among veterans, and certain subgroups are at higher risk of CU. Thus, identifying high-risk subgroups of veterans and adequately educating them about CU\u2019s benefits, risks, and safety is crucial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usad360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T16:05:44Z","timestamp":1693497944000},"page":"e1230-e1239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and\u00a0Correlates of\u00a0Cannabis Use among U.S. Veterans during the Second Wave of\u00a0the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0415-4288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura L","family":"Manzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army, AMEDD Student Detachment, 187th Medical Battalion , Joint Base San Antonio, TX 78234,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Yale School of Nursing , Orange, CT 06477,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayantani","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Nursing , Orange, CT 06477,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quinnipiac University, School of Nursing , North Haven, CT 06473,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Sanft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6940-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermine","family":"Poghosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Nursing , Orange, CT 06477,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center (COPPER), Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012315134409700_R1","article-title":"Cannabis (Marijuana) Research Report","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"key":"2025012315134409700_R2","article-title":"State Medical Cannabis Laws","author":"National Conference of State Legislatures"},{"key":"2025012315134409700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106963","article-title":"Prevalence of\u00a0cannabis use, disorder, and\u00a0medical card possession in\u00a0U.S. military veterans: results from the 2019-2020 National Health and\u00a0Resilience in\u00a0Veterans Study","volume":"120","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict 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