{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T05:47:44Z","timestamp":1741153664639,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH1910685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH1910685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Edward and Barbara Bell Family Chair"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH1910685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH1910685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Edward and Barbara Bell Family Chair"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Variability in return-to-duty (RTD) decision-making following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a threat to troop readiness. Current RTD assessments lack military-specific tasks and quantitative outcomes to inform stakeholders of a service member\u2019s (SM) capacity to successfully perform military duties. Augmented reality (AR), which places digital assets in a user\u2019s physical environment, provides a technological vehicle to deliver military-relevant tasks to a SM to be used in the RTD decision-making process. In addition to delivering digital content, AR headsets provide biomechanical data that can be used to assess the integrity of the central nervous system in movement control following mTBI. The objective of this study was to quantify cognitive and motor performance on an AR rifle qualification test (RQT) in a group of neurologically healthy military SMs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data were collected from 111 healthy SMs who completed a basic (single-task) and complex (dual-task) RQT with a simulated M4 rifle. The complex scenario required the SM to perform the RQT while simultaneously answering arithmetic problems. Position data from the AR headset were used to capture postural sway, and the built-in microphone gathered responses to the arithmetic problems.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were no differences in the number of targets hit, trigger pull reaction time, and transition time from kneeling to standing between the basic and complex scenarios. A significant worsening in postural sway following kneel-to-stand transition was observed in the complex scenario. The average reaction time to answer the arithmetic problems was nearly 2 times slower than the average reaction time to pull the trigger to a displayed target in the complex scenario.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The complex scenario provoked dual-task interference in SMs as evidenced by worsening postural sway and reaction time differences between the cognitive and motor tasks. An AR RQT provides objective and quantitative outcomes during a military-specific task. Greater precision in evaluating cognitive and motor performance during a military-relevant task has the potential to aid in the detection and management of SMs and their RTD following MTBI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T21:36:22Z","timestamp":1709242582000},"page":"2009-2015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Augmented Reality Rifle Qualification Test for Return-to-Duty Assessment in Service Members"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6964-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan D","family":"Kaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute , Cleveland, OH 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