{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T20:48:30Z","timestamp":1740170910691,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014453","name":"David Grant USAF Medical Center's Clinical Investigation Facility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014453","name":"David Grant USAF Medical Center's Clinical Investigation Facility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mass screening for SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) is costly, uncomfortable for patients, and increases the chance of virus exposure to health care workers. Therefore, this study focused on determining if self-collected unpreserved saliva can be an effective alternative to NPS collection in COVID-19 surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, patients being tested for SARS-CoV-2 using NPS were asked to provide a saliva sample to compare their results. NPS samples were evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 using BioFire\u00ae FilmArray\u00ae Torch\u00ae or Cepheid\u00ae GeneXpert\u00ae systems while saliva samples were evaluated using an in-house developed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which targeted the Envelope (E) and Nucleocapsid (N) genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Detection of SARS-CoV-2 using self-collected saliva was found to be only slightly less accurate (&amp;lt;5%) than testing using NPS. In addition, initial saliva RT-PCR identified 27 positive subjects, 18 of which provided amplicons sufficient for confirmatory sequencing. The sequencing data showed a genetic shift in the virus within our population sometime between 22 June and July 8, 2021 from Alpha to Delta variant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The saliva sample collection method identifies the E gene in SARS COVID-2 samples which provides an alternative specimen source to the NPS. This identifies the S gene and ORF1ab. Saliva collection is more convenient to the patient, yields comparable results to NPS collection, and potentially increases Covid-19 surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T16:23:30Z","timestamp":1724084610000},"page":"184-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Self-collected Saliva Samples Without Viral Transport Media for SARS-CoV-2 Testing via RT-PCR and Comparison of Amplicon Sequences Against Commonly Used Primers in Diagnostic Assays"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Benjamin D","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, 60th Medical Group (MDG), Travis Air Force Base (AFB) , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N Ryan","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane E","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh N","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew G","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan J","family":"Browde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoinette M","family":"McNeary-Garvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celynn E","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin C","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Sweatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liem Minh","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5721-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigation Facility, 60MDG , Fairfield, CA 94535, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082004055808400_R1","article-title":"Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center","volume-title":"Johns Hopkins University & Medicine","author":"John Hopkins University. 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