{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:34:58Z","timestamp":1787747698679,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006975","name":"Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["373037-31005-FY19CTSIK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["373037-31005-FY19CTSIK"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACS IRG-17-182-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-17-182-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACS IRG-17-182-04-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-17-182-04-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006975","name":"Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["373037-31005-FY19CTSIK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["373037-31005-FY19CTSIK"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACS IRG-17-182-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-17-182-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACS IRG-17-182-04-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACS IRG-17-182-04-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to create resorbable nanoparticles (NPs) using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to develop novel antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chronic wound infections that are susceptible to recurrent infections. By first performing a release study, it was possible to predict the behavior of the different PLGA NP formulations and assess the efficacy of the nanocomposite drug delivery system. These PLGA NP formulations consisted of varying ratios of PLGA without polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PLGA with PVA (PLGA-PVA) (i.e., 25:75[PLGA25], 50:50[PLGA50], and 75:25[PLGA75]). Then, different antibiotics (i.e., ciprofloxacin and gentamicin) were incorporated into the PLGA NP formulations to test the antibacterial efficacy of these antimicrobial NPs against different pathogens (i.e., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 [MRSA], Pseudomonas aeruginosa FRD1, and Acinetobacter baumannii BAA1605). Of particular interest was testing against the MRSA strain USA300 and the P. aeruginosa strain FRD1. This was possible by measuring the zone of inhibition. A 3-day period was used to monitor the antibacterial efficacy of the different PLGA NP formulations (i.e., PLGA25, PLGA50, and a 1:1 combination of PLGA25:PLGA50) against A. baumannii BAA1605, MRSA, and P aeruginosa FRD1. Throughout the study, A. baumannii was a negative control and was resistant to all the PLGA NP formulations loaded with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. At the end of the 3-day period, the PLGA and PLGA50 ciprofloxacin-loaded formulations produced zones of inhibition of 27\u2009mm and 23\u2009mm, respectively, against P. aeruginosa FRD1. This indicated that P. aeruginosa FRD1 was susceptible to both formulations. The mixed formulations with equal parts PLGA25:PLGA50 loaded with ciprofloxacin produced a zone of inhibition (i.e., 25\u2009mm). This again indicated that P. aeruginosa FRD1 was susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The formulations tested against MRSA showed that only gentamicin-loaded formulations produced intermediate results, and that ciprofloxacin-loaded formulations were ineffective. The PLGA25 and the PLGA50 NP formulations loaded with gentamicin both produced zones of inhibition of 13\u2009mm. This indicated that MRSA was intermediate to both the formulations. The PLGA25:PLGA50 loaded with gentamicin produced a zone of inhibition of 14\u2009mm, which again showed that MRSA was intermediate to this formulation. Overall, these PLGA NP formulations showed the sustained antibacterial potential of a burst release, followed by a sustained release of antibiotics from antibiotics loaded PLGA NPs in a controlled manner. In the future, this can help prevent the emergence of recurrent infections in the treatment of chronic wounds and reduce the number of medical dressing changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T16:24:58Z","timestamp":1724084698000},"page":"230-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["PLGA Nanoparticles Formulations Loaded With Antibiotics Induce Sustained and Controlled Antibiotics Release for Prolonged Antibacterial Action Against MRSA, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> FRD1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Argerie","family":"Guevara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"},{"name":"Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Armknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pre-Professional Studies, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlie","family":"Kudary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prakash","family":"Nallathamby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"},{"name":"Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024082004060431900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0420-1","article-title":"Nanomaterial-based therapeutics for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections","volume":"19","author":"Makabenta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082004060431900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2013.1.428","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacteria: what is the threat?","volume":"2013","author":"Bassetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082004060431900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020142","article-title":"Nanomedicine fight against antibacterial resistance: an overview of the recent pharmaceutical innovations","volume":"12","author":"Eleraky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024082004060431900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4812","DOI":"10.1039\/c9na00461k","article-title":"Phage-mimicking antibacterial core-shell nanoparticles","volume":"1","author":"Hopf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv"},{"issue":"28","key":"2024082004060431900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5942","DOI":"10.1021\/bi100268k","article-title":"Study of the multidrug membrane transporter of single living pseudomonas aeruginosa cells using size-dependent plasmonic nanoparticle optical probes","volume":"49","author":"Nallathamby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"21","key":"2024082004060431900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10369","DOI":"10.1039\/C3NR02639F","article-title":"Volume labeling with Alexa Fluor dyes and surface functionalization of highly sensitive fluorescent silica (SiO2) nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024082004060431900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6545","DOI":"10.1039\/c4nr06441k","article-title":"New surface radiolabeling schemes of super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for biodistribution studies","volume":"7","author":"Nallathamby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024082004060431900_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-3864-8","article-title":"Probing of multidrug ABC membrane transporters of single living cells using single plasmonic nanoparticle optical probes","volume":"397","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. 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