{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:50:57Z","timestamp":1773219057334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many trauma patients die from hemorrhagic shock in the military and civilian settings. Although two-thirds of hemorrhagic shock victims die of reasons other than exsanguination, such as the consequent cytokine storm, anti-inflammatory therapies failed to be utilized. Apoptotic cell\u2013based treatments enhance innate ability to exert systemic immunomodulation as demonstrated in several clinical applications and hence might present a novel approach in hemorrhagic shock treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-two rats underwent a pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock model and followed up for 24\u2009hours. An infusion of apoptotic cells (Allocetra-OTS, Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd, Nes Ziona, Israel) was administered to the treatment group. Hemodynamics, blood counts, biochemistry findings, and cytokine profile were compared to a saline-resuscitated control group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The treatment group\u2019s mean arterial pressure decreased from 94.8\u2009mmHg to 28.2\u2009mmHg, resulting in an 8.13\u2009mg\/dL increase in lactate and a 1.9\u2009g\/L decrease in hemoglobin, similar to the control group. White blood cells and platelets decreased more profoundly in the treatment group. A similar cytokine profile after 24\u2009hours was markedly attenuated in the treatment group 2\u2009hours after bleeding. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1a (28.4\u2009pg\/mL vs. 179.1\u2009pg\/mL), IL-1b (47.4\u2009pg\/mL vs. 103.9\u2009pg\/mL), IL-6 (526.2\u2009pg\/mL vs. 3492\u2009pg\/mL), interferon \u03b3 (11.4\u2009pg\/mL vs. 427.9\u2009pg\/mL), and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (19.0\u2009pg\/mL vs. 31.7\u2009pg\/mL) were profoundly lower in the treatment group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a pressure-control hemorrhagic shock model in rats, apoptotic cell infusion showed preliminary signs of a uniform attenuated cytokine response. Apoptotic cell\u2013based therapies might serve as a novel immunomodulatory therapy for hemorrhagic shock.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T16:37:30Z","timestamp":1724085450000},"page":"416-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Apoptotic Cell\u2013Based Therapy for the Modification of the Inflammatory Response to Hemorrhagic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Ariel","family":"Kenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University , Jerusalem 911210, Israel"},{"name":"The Lung Institute, Hadassah Medical Center , Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"(Ret.)","given":"Dean","family":"Nachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Institute, 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