{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:45:17Z","timestamp":1780465517677,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of the study was to determine whether performing ultrasound-guided, bilateral stellate ganglion blocks (SGBs; performed on subsequent days) improved traumatic brain injury (TBI) symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was conducted for the time period between August 2022 and February 2023 to identify patients who received bilateral, 2-level (C6 and C4) SGBs for PTSD symptoms but who also had a history of TBI. Neurobehavioral Symptoms Inventory (NSI) scores were collected at baseline, 1\u2009week, and 1 month post-treatment in 14 males and 9 females.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out of 23 patients, 22 showed improvement in their NSI scores. NSI baseline average score was 42.7; the average score at 1 week post-treatment was 18.8; 1 month post-treatment was 20.1. This represents a 53% improvement in the NSI score between baseline and 1\u2009month.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of bilateral, 2-level SGBs may be indicated in treating patients with PTSD symptoms with concomitant diagnoses of mild-to-moderate TBI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T13:02:02Z","timestamp":1716296522000},"page":"e2573-e2577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Successful Use of Bilateral 2-Level Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block to Improve Traumatic Brain Injury Symptoms: A Retrospective Analysis of 23 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8762-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean 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