{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:21:18Z","timestamp":1776298878418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11-12","funder":[{"name":"TSNRP","award":["11052-N21-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11052-N21-08"]}]},{"name":"TSNRP","award":["11052-N21-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11052-N21-08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, health care workers experienced facial problems from prolonged use of N95 masks, including skin irritation, pigmentation changes, and contact dermatitis. We assessed the use of hydrocolloid dressing versus dimethicone cream to prevent skin breakdown among military health care workers while wearing an N95.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling in this nonblinded, randomized, cross-over study with 2 active treatments, hydrocolloid dressing and dimethicone cream, across 3 time points. The skin was assessed using photographs and subepidermal moisture scanner (SEM). N95 seal integrity was assessed using qualitative fit test. Institutional review board approval was obtained from the Madigan Army Medical Center Institutional Review Board.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among the 73 participants, wearing an N95 alone versus with dimethicone cream or hydrocolloid dressing caused more adverse skin reactions. There were no significant differences in qualitative fit test failure rate between groups. Participants experienced minimal to no dizziness, loss of energy\/tiredness\/fatigue, claustrophobia, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and dry or itchy eyes. For all interventions, wearing an N95 did not interfere with participants\u2019 concentration, verbal communication, hearing, vision, and, importantly, delivery of care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using a skin protectant with an N95 may prevent adverse skin reactions while preserving health care workers\u2019 ability to safely and competently care for patients in routine and pandemic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T13:57:52Z","timestamp":1716299872000},"page":"e2523-e2529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Hydrocolloid Dressing and Moisturizing Cream as Facial Skin Protectants Among Health Care Workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Pedro N","family":"Oblea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Inpatient Services, Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Tripler Army Medical Center , Honolulu, HI 96859,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D","family":"Nguyen-Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research Management, The Geneva Foundation , Tacoma, WA 98402,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leilani A","family":"Siaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Inpatient Services, Center for Nursing Science & Clinical Inquiry, Tripler Army Medical Center , Honolulu, HI 96859,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunghun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J","family":"Romito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Nursing, Adult Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyaw","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Sciences Center , Houston, TX 77030,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024110620115353200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.069","article-title":"A pilot study of the impact of facial skin protectants on qualitative fit testing of N95 masks","volume":"84","author":"Bui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2024110620115353200_R2","article-title":"Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide","author":"Chaib","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024110620115353200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2020.1212","article-title":"The prevalence, characteristics, and prevention status of skin injury caused by personal protective equipment among medical staff in fighting COVID-19: a multicenter, cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024110620115353200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1891\/CRNR-D-20-00047","article-title":"The importance of proper use of N95 respirators by health-care workers","volume":"26","author":"Hoseini Azizi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Creat Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024110620115353200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.5.245","article-title":"Update to device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. 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