{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:25:14Z","timestamp":1758475514476,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016156","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Operational Medicine,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Operational Medicine,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016156","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Operational Medicine,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Operational Medicine,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vection is a stationary individual\u2019s illusory experience of self-motion. This illusory self-motion is operationally important for aviation, particularly military aviation, since vection is a dramatic example of spatial disorientation (SD), which is an individual\u2019s failure to correctly sense the aircraft\u2019s position, motion, and\/or attitude with respect to the fixed coordinate system of the Earth\u2019s surface and its gravitational vertical. Notably, SD is a major cause of fatal aviation mishaps, and the visual system is particularly prone to provoking vection. This article describes the Virtual Reality Vection System (VRVS), which uses computer-controlled virtual reality technology to induce vection under controlled conditions for training, demonstration, testing, and research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The VRVS enables the precise specification of the number and appearance of visual stimulus elements intended to generate vection, including photorealistic images. The VRVS can present visual stimuli on any OpenXR-capable virtual reality headset. The VRVS currently records 2 types of behavioral responses, button presses to indicate the presence and duration of vection and the voltage of a handheld linear potentiometer to indicate the presence, duration, and magnitude of vection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An approved test plan helped guide, organize, document, and validate the VRVS during its development. Under this plan, a pair of tests guided hardware and software development of the VRVS system. Although the first test verified the ability of the VRVS to generate and measure vection, it also demonstrated that the VRVS can quickly manipulate the visual stimuli from one trial to the next so that the VRVS can support complex experimental designs. The second test used these capabilities to verify that the VRVS can characterize vection in a more analytic fashion using a masking paradigm. Specifically, the test assessed whether random stimulus elements injected into the vection-inducing stimulus disrupted vection in a quantifiable fashion. This work opens the door to studies that characterize the necessary and sufficient visual elements for vection-based SD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The VRVS is currently used to research, develop, test, and evaluate mitigation strategies targeting vection-related SD in degraded visual environments. Similarly, the VRVS is supporting research to develop methods to predict individual differences in visually induced motion sickness susceptibilities. The VRVS is currently being integrated with a precision motor-controlled rotating Barany chair for multisensory studies. It should be noted that since the VRVS was developed to support United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory projects, it is an Army product representing government intellectual property and may be freely available to other government institutions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T16:51:57Z","timestamp":1724086317000},"page":"751-758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory Virtual Reality Vection System"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4279-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard A","family":"Temme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warfighter Protection Group, U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory , Fort Novosel, AL 63660, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warfighter Protection Group, U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory , Fort Novosel, AL 63660, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Research , Fort Novosel, AL 63660, USA"},{"name":"CATI Training Systems , Ozark, AL 36360, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaiah","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warfighter Protection Group, U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory , Fort Novosel, AL 63660, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Scientific Research , Fort Novosel, AL 63660, USA"},{"name":"Goldbelt Frontier, LLC , Fort Novosel, AL 63660, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082004211751200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00193","article-title":"Future challenges for vection research: definitions, functional significance, measures, and neural bases","volume":"6","author":"Palmisano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2024082004211751200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01174","article-title":"More than a cool illusion? 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