{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T20:47:32Z","timestamp":1740170852022,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Military Medical Research Program","award":["2024-KMMRP-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-KMMRP-009"]}]},{"name":"Korean Military Medical Research Program","award":["2024-KMMRP-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-KMMRP-009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the prevalence of cold injuries and review the cold injury monitoring system in the South Korean military.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study conducted a retrospective and cross-sectional analysis using data from the Defense Medical Statistic Information System (DMSIS) on cold injuries among military personnel from 2018 to 2023. It incorporated findings from the Korean Armed Forces Medical Command\u2019s cold injury surveillance system and analyzed cases from the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, covering all branches of the military by status and rank.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An analysis of cold injury in the South Korean military over the past 5 years revealed varying numbers of cases treated, from 799 in 2018-2019 to 467 in 2022-2023. According to the surveillance system in 2023-2024, the Army experienced the majority of these cases, with 94.5% of the total. The incidence per 1,000 personnel was the highest in the Army at 0.98 compared to the Air Force and Navy\/Marine Corps. Rank-based analysis indicated the most affected were private first-class soldiers. Frostbite was the most frequent condition, alongside chilblains, hypothermia, and immersion injuries, with no marked difference in the type of illness across branches.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study underscores the need for focused prevention and treatment, particularly in the Army. By analyzing data from a newly implemented surveillance system, it revealed a higher incidence of frostbite and chilblains among lower ranks. The findings highlight the importance of targeted educational measures and enhanced response strategies to protect personnel against cold injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T18:50:41Z","timestamp":1717440641000},"page":"e2545-e2549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current Status of Cold Injuries in the South Korean Military Over the Past 5 Years: Analysis and Assessment Based on the 2023\u20132024 Surveillance System"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Beom-man","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea Armed Forces Medical Command , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13574,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hunjong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0875-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-A","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea Armed Forces Medical Command , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13574,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0108-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Hyeop","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Reading Team, Korea Armed Forces Capital Hospital , Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13574,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024110620114455800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v15.i1.80","article-title":"Cold injuries","volume":"15","author":"Long","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Long-Term Eff Med Implants"},{"issue":"1007","key":"2024110620114455800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.068635","article-title":"Cold damage to the extremities: frostbite and non-freezing cold injuries","volume":"85","author":"Imray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024110620114455800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200001000-00036","article-title":"Frostbite: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"48","author":"Murphy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024110620114455800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpsurg.2014.07.004","article-title":"Management of accidental hypothermia and cold injury","volume":"51","author":"Petrone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Probl Surg"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024110620114455800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm194504122321501","article-title":"Trench foot and immersion foot","volume":"232","author":"White","year":"1945","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024110620114455800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae115","article-title":"Analyzing and assessing the current status of heat-related illnesses in the South Korean Military","author":"Jung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"author":"Aberdeen DCf PH","key":"2024110620114455800_R7","article-title":"Cold injury prevention"},{"author":"Health TNIfOSa","key":"2024110620114455800_R8","article-title":"Cold stress\u2014cold related illnesses. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/189\/11-12\/e2545\/60454213\/usae287.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/189\/11-12\/e2545\/60454213\/usae287.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T20:11:58Z","timestamp":1730923918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article\/189\/11-12\/e2545\/7686844"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usae287","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0026-4075"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1930-613X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]}}}