{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T02:24:12Z","timestamp":1776479052194,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031543","name":"Association of British Neurologists","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000627","name":"Guarantors of Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000282","name":"Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006083","name":"Ministry of Defence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031543","name":"Association of British Neurologists","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000627","name":"Guarantors of Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000282","name":"Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006083","name":"Ministry of Defence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects a significant number of military personnel, primarily because of physical impact, vehicle incidents, and blast exposure. Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is the most common symptom reported following mild TBI and can persist for several years. However, the current International Classification of Headache Disorders lacks phenotypic characterization for this specific headache disorder. It is important to appropriately classify the headache sub-phenotypes as it may enable more targeted management approaches. This systematic review seeks to identify the most common sub-phenotype of headaches in military personnel with PTH attributed to mild TBI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a systematic search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines, focusing on the military population. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched. Abstracts and full texts were independently reviewed by two authors using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed using a standardized form. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eight papers related to the military population were included in this review. Migraine was the most commonly reported headache sub-phenotype, with a prevalence ranging from 33 to 92%. Additionally, one military study identified tension-type headaches as the most prevalent headache phenotype. Although not the primary phenotype, one military cohort reported that approximately one-third of their cohort experienced trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, which were associated with exposure to blast injuries and prior concussions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review demonstrated that PTH in the military population frequently exhibit migraine-like features. Tension-type headache and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias also occur, although less commonly reported. Sub-phenotyping PTH may be important for initiating effective treatment since different phenotypes may respond differently to medications. The study populations analyzed in this systematic review display heterogeneity, underscoring the necessity for additional research features, more stringent criteria and comprehensive recording of baseline characteristics. Characterizing headaches following injury is crucial for an accurate diagnosis to enable effective management and rehabilitation planning for our armed forces.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T13:38:52Z","timestamp":1721396332000},"page":"e90-e98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating the Phenotypic Patterns of Post-Traumatic Headache: A Systematic Review of Military Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0105-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah S","family":"Lyons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, 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Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham B15 2WB,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8905-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Yiangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham B15 2WB,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5560-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Grech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham B15 2WB,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan P","family":"Mollan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham B15 2GW,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan R","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Medical Directorate (Research & Clinical Innovation), HQ DMS Group , Lichfield WS14 9PY,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J E","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James L","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham B15 2WB,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defense Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall , Loughborough LE12 5QW,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa J","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, 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