{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:32:15Z","timestamp":1779143535489,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection with an increased risk of transmission to those serving in the U.S. Military due to theaters of operation in endemic regions. There has, in recent decades, been robust experience with old-world leishmaniasis in the Military Health System (MHS); however, new-world leishmaniasis, which may result in mucosal leishmaniasis, has been less studied. A total of 88 patients from 2012 to 2022 with diagnosis codes for \u201cmucocutaneous leishmaniasis\u201d or \u201cleishmaniasis, unspecified\u201d were identified in the Military Data Repository and reviewed. Within this cohort, upon medical records review, there were 2 cases of leishmaniasis that met inclusion criteria. Case 1 was a 28-year-old active duty male with recent travel to Belize who presented with a mucosal lip lesion that was biopsied and had inconclusive species confirmation but was thought to be either L. braziliensis or L. mexicana. The second case involved a 30-year-old active duty male with a history of travel to French Guiana who had a cutaneous lesion on his left hand that was identified as L. guyanensis, a causative species for mucosal leishmaniasis. Neither had evidence of any further mucosal involvement on otolaryngologic evaluation, and both subsequently received systemic therapy with a good clinical response. Although only 2 cases were identified over an 11-year period, this disease remains an important medical consideration when conducting military operations within Central and South America, as both cases had recent military-specific travel to areas endemic for leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T23:23:00Z","timestamp":1722468180000},"page":"e1266-e1270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Investigation of Mucosal Leishmaniasis in the Military Health System"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-3010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Pierre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Inc. , Bethesda, MD 20817,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saira","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Inc. , Bethesda, MD 20817,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2025073020020755500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/163.12.801","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the United States military","volume":"163","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025073020020755500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.49","article-title":"Assessment of arthropod vectors of infectious diseases in areas of U.S. troop deployment in the Persian Gulf","volume":"54","author":"Cope","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025073020020755500_R3","first-page":"2","article-title":"Incident diagnoses of leishmaniasis, active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2001-2016","volume":"24","author":"Stahlman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Msmr"},{"key":"2025073020020755500_R4","first-page":"46","article-title":"Challenges of effective vector control: Operation Iraqi Freedom 05-07","author":"Blow","year":"2007","journal-title":"US Army Med Dep J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025073020020755500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2006)43[647:iopsfo]2.0.co;2","article-title":"Impact of phlebotomine sand flies on U.S. Military operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 1. background, military situation, and development of a \u201cLeishmaniasis Control Program\u201d","volume":"43","author":"Coleman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025073020020755500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1968.17.19","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the U.S. military in the Canal Zone","volume":"17","author":"Walton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025073020020755500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1086\/515027","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of intravenous sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of leishmaniasis: recent U.S. military experience","volume":"27","author":"Aronson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025073020020755500_R8","article-title":"Resources for Health Professionals","author":"Centers for Disease Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025073020020755500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0171","article-title":"Liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"83","author":"Wortman","year":"2010","journal-title":"AM J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025073020020755500_R10","article-title":"SOUTHCOM Component Commands & Units","author":"US Southern Command"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025073020020755500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw742","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"63","author":"Aronson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/190\/5-6\/e1266\/58704610\/usae373.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/190\/5-6\/e1266\/58704610\/usae373.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:02:16Z","timestamp":1753920136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article\/190\/5-6\/e1266\/7724907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usae373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-4075","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-613X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]}}}