{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:15:04Z","timestamp":1785208504742,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A comparison of body composition assessments using military circumferences to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the reference standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can gauge effectiveness of assessments. High-frequency (500\u2009KHz) direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA) accurately calculates total water mass and body fat% (BF%), but it is unknown whether higher frequencies (1,000\u2009KHz) increase measurement accuracy. The purpose was to compare DSM-BIA 500, DSM-BIA 1000, the DoD Circumference Method (CM), and the reference-standard DEXA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Design: Cross sectional, observational study. Participants\/Setting: A total of 62 participants from the military healthcare system (n\u2009=\u200925 males, 38.8\u2009\u00b1\u200911.4\u2009years, n\u2009=\u200937 females 43.7\u2009\u00b1\u200915.95\u2009years) were measured in an outpatient clinic setting. Statistical Analysis: BF% was estimated via DEXA, DSM-BIA 500, DSM-BIA 1000, and CM to identify the relationship between methods using Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots. The study was approved by the IRB from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center at Bethesda and Concordia University Chicago.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Circumference Method BF% was moderately correlated with DSM-BIA 500 (males r\u2009=\u20090.63, ICC\u2009=\u20090.76; females r\u2009=\u20090.77, ICC\u2009=\u20090.85), DSM-BIA 1000 (males r\u2009=\u20090.59, ICC\u2009=\u20090.74; females r\u2009=\u20090.77, ICC\u2009=\u20090.85), and DEXA (males r\u2009=\u20090.62, ICC\u2009=\u20090.62; females r\u2009=\u20090.73, ICC\u2009=\u20090.82). DSM-BIA 500 BF% was strongly correlated with DSM-BIA 1000 (males r\u2009=\u20090.99, ICC\u2009=\u20090.99; females r\u2009=\u20090.99, ICC\u2009=\u20090.99) and DEXA (males r\u2009=\u20090.93, ICC\u2009=\u20090.94; females r\u2009=\u20090.89, ICC\u2009=\u20090.89). Lastly, DSM-BIA 1000 BF% was also strongly correlated with DEXA (males r\u2009=\u20090.93, ICC\u2009=\u20090.94; females r\u2009=\u20090.84, ICC\u2009=\u20090.90) (P for each reported r &amp;lt; 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis confirmed an overall mean bias of \u22121.72% CM vs. DEXA in females, indicating the tendency of CM to underestimate BF% compared to DEXA limits of agreement from \u221214.24 to 10.8. There was an upward slope of the linear relationship between the bias and mean of the measures (Beta\u2009=\u20090.34, P\u2009=\u20090.01). In the full cohort, there was an overall mean bias of 1.14% of CM vs. DSM BIA 1000, with CM tending to overestimate BF% compared to DSM BIA 1000 with limits of agreement \u221211.13 to 13.41%. There is an upward slope line of the linear relationship between the bias and the mean of the measures (Beta\u2009=\u20090.17, P\u2009=\u2009.03).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study found that CM BF% was moderately correlated with DSM-BIA 500\u2009kHz, DSM-BIA 1,000\u2009kHz BIA, and DEXA. Both DSM-BIA 500 and DSM-BIA 1,000\u2009kHz strongly correlated well with DEXA implying that there was no further increase in correlation with increased frequency. Additionally, there was proportional bias in BF% in the female group between CM and DEXA and in the total group between CM and DSM BIA 1000.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T16:17:07Z","timestamp":1726676227000},"page":"e642-e648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of Four Body Composition Methods: Circumference Measurements, Eight-Point Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis up to 500 and 1000\u2009kHz to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry to Measure Body Fat Percentage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4288-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis M","family":"Combest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20889,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Health Science and Human 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