{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:33:31Z","timestamp":1787621611984,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The terror attack on October 7, 2023, in southern Israel resulted in approximately 1,200 civilians and security personnel killed. Of the civilians murdered, approximately 200 men, women, and children were murdered inside their homes, while the remaining casualties were murdered in an open field at a music festival, in their cars, or in the streets of local cities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Currently, official data have not yet been published regarding the types of injuries suffered by Israeli civilians during the terror attack. However, the massive damage found in buildings infiltrated by the terrorists, weapons found on neutralized terrorists, and the findings of the pathologists tasked with examining and identifying the casualties, as well as preliminary clinical evidence, suggested that many died from hand-held explosive devices or rocket-propelled grenades containing a \u201cthermobaric\u201d-type warhead.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of thermobaric weapons has also been reported from the Russia\u2013Ukraine war, suggesting that these weapons are becoming more common in their use. Thermobaric injuries differ from typical battlefield injuries due to their specific blast characteristics. Considering that thermobaric weapons are relatively cheap to manufacture and highly efficient, it can be assumed that their unique injury patterns will become more common in future battlefields.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper reports on a possible change in the nature of terror and battlefield injuries and alerts emergency organizations and military forces worldwide to prepare for the need of treating more blast injuries, burns, smoke inhalation, and asphyxiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T14:04:41Z","timestamp":1734530681000},"page":"e1398-e1402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The October 7, 2023, Attack on Israel Indicates a Change in Trauma Patterns of Terror Victims, due to the Use of Thermobaric Weapons"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Ishay","family":"Ostfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery, Tzafon Medical Center , Tiberias 15208,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Ariel University , Ariel 40700,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erez","family":"Kachel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery, Tzafon Medical Center , Tiberias 15208,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Shafir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meuhedet Health Services , Jerusalem 97802,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itay","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clalit Health Services , Tel Aviv 62098,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehonatan","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center , Tel Aviv 68175,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Kugel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Forensic Medicine , Tel Aviv 61084,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay R","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Ariel University , Ariel 40700,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070106322967500_R1","author":"Haaretz"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025070106322967500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07293-4","article-title":"October 7th 2023 attacks in Israel: frontline experience of a single tertiary center","volume":"50","author":"Codish","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2025070106322967500_R3","article-title":"Detailed findings on attacks carried out on and after 7 October 2023 in Israel","volume-title":"Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel. 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