{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T10:30:24Z","timestamp":1778063424588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3-4","funder":[{"name":"Naval Health Research Center Institutional Review Board","award":["NHRC.2019.0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRC.2019.0007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cold-water immersion (CWI) is a threat to warfighters operating in the cold. Even after removal from the cold, core temperature continues to decrease because of the afterdrop effect. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise-intensity on rewarming from CWI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following a randomized match-paired design, 28 military personnel (27 Male, 1 Female; mean \u00b1 SD age: 29\u2009\u00b1\u20097year; ht: 175\u2009\u00b1\u200911 cm; wt: 86.9\u2009\u00b1\u200912.5 kg; body fat: 22\u2009\u00b1\u20099%) were immersed in an outdoor pond (air: \u22124.2\u2009\u00b0C; water: 1.3\u2009\u00b0C) for 10 minutes and subsequently rewarmed for 40 minutes by following a low-intensity [LI (n\u2009=\u200914); 30% VO2R] or moderate-intensity [MI (n\u2009=\u200914); 45% VO2R] exercise protocol. Core temperature, hand temperature, foot temperature, and heart rate were recorded throughout. Physiological responses were analyzed in 5-minute increments using a 2 (condition) by 11 (time) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance set to P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 20 minutes of exercise, heart rate was significantly higher in the MI group relative to the LI group (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). Core temperature (F\u2009=\u200934.0, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.630), hand temperature (F\u2009=\u2009114.9, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.839), and foot temperature (F\u2009=\u2009128.8, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.896) were all significantly different across time points; however, there was no main effect of group or group by time interaction effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that rewarming of the core, hands, and feet following CWI were similar between LI and MI groups. Moderate-intensity exercise did not exacerbate the afterdrop effect. When rewarming after CWI, the Warfighter can select a low-to-moderate exercise intensity that best fits their comfort and mission requirements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaf438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T11:29:10Z","timestamp":1756207750000},"page":"e679-e687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Exercise Intensity on Active Rewarming From Outdoor Cold-Water Immersion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew N","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony C","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Leidos, Inc , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Leidos, Inc , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J","family":"McClintock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Leidos, Inc , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler T","family":"Whittier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Leidos, Inc , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-7677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy L","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas M","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Warfighter Performance, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA 92152,","place":["United 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