{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:19:02Z","timestamp":1790623142719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demand for reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) specialists has increased with rising utilization of assisted reproductive technology. As a reflection of societal trends, the military medical system has noted increased call for infertility services and specialty-trained expertise. Recent Department of Defense Amendments to the Assisted Reproductive Services Policy reflect an increased utilization of fertility care within our active duty population. Obstetrics and gynecology (OB\/GYN) resident physicians are required to complete training in REI, but many report a lack of formalized education while on their REI rotations, and medical students have endorsed decreased interest in the subspecialty with a smaller proportion of represented research. We aimed to develop a case-based REI curriculum for resident physicians and medical students that fulfills national, standardized objectives and assess if the curriculum increases confidence in managing REI conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After receiving exemption from our institution\u2019s IRB (protocol number DBS.2023.598, reference 964364), we developed a curriculum using a needs assessment completed by OB\/GYN residents in March 2023 who had previously rotated on REI at our institution. A panel of experts wrote the curriculum, which used clinical cases to convey national recommendations and fulfilled learning objectives per the Council on Resident Education. We implemented the curriculum from July 2023 to July 2024 and compared learners\u2019 confidence in diagnosing and managing commonly tested REI conditions using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We compared needs assessment responses to post-curriculum responses using the Mann-Whitney U test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen prior learners completed the needs assessment (response rate 73.6%), all 15 new learners completed the pre-curriculum survey, and 13 of the 15 completed the post-curriculum survey (response rate 86.7%). The curriculum improved the reliability of weekly structured didactics (28.5%-100%) and increased interest in REI grew (28.5%-53.8%). Following curriculum implementation, participants who felt \u201cfairly confident\u201d diagnosing and treating every tested REI condition increased, including amenorrhea (13.3%-84.6%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), androgen excess (0.0%-69.2%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), recurrent pregnancy loss (6.67%-76.9%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), infertility (13.3%-69.2%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (20.0%-53.8%, P\u2009=\u2009.03), primary ovarian insufficiency (6.67%-53.8%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), and Mullerian anomalies (6.67%-23.1%, P\u2009=\u2009.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case-based curriculum improved learners\u2019 confidence in diagnosing and managing REI conditions. This curriculum fulfills national learning objectives and can be implemented at medical programs without an REI division. Meeting the rising demand for REIs starts with robust education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaf575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:59:40Z","timestamp":1762865980000},"page":"e1380-e1386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Case-Based Learning Curriculum Improves Residents and Medical Students\u2019 Confidence and Interest"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6292-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiley F","family":"Hunkler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20889,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9236-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Boedeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20889,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20889,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD 20889,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bright","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6807-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trimble","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2018.06.013","article-title":"Fellow perceptions of residency training in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"76","author":"Urban","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03127-4","article-title":"Exposure to the reproductive endocrinology subspecialty among obstetrics and gynecology residency programs","volume":"41","author":"Zeidman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.08.221","article-title":"The OBGYN resident experience in reproductive endocrinology and infertility in 2022: a survey of residency program directors","volume":"118","author":"Doody","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.08.535","article-title":"Improving resident education in reproductive endocrinology and infertility","volume":"118","author":"Rushing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e421-44","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.680939","article-title":"The effectiveness of case-based learning in health professional education. A BEME systematic review: BEME guide no. 23","volume":"34","author":"Thistlethwaite","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-017-0045-x","article-title":"Characterization of reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) fellowship applicants: guiding our mentees toward success","volume":"3","author":"Franasiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Res Pract"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B7","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.08.019","article-title":"Meeting the demand for fertility services: the present and future of reproductive endocrinology and infertility in the United States","volume":"120","author":"Hariton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B9","author":"Department of the Air Force, Office of the Assistance Secretary","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B10","first-page":"19","article-title":"Update: infertility among active component service women, U.S. Armed forces, 2019-2023","volume":"32","author":"Armed Force Health Surveillance Branch","year":"2025","journal-title":"MSMR"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B11","author":"Meadows","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11375","DOI":"10.15766\/mep_2374-8265.11375","article-title":"Strengthening the reproductive endocrinology and infertility curriculum through three interactive cases","volume":"19","author":"Kornfield","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedEdPORTAL"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2019.17","article-title":"It is all about patients\u2019 stories: case-based learning in residents\u2019 education","volume":"2019","author":"Suliman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qatar Med J"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4103\/1357-6283.170124","article-title":"Application of Kern\u2019s Six-step approach to curriculum development by global health residents","volume-title":"Educ Health","author":"Sweet","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026070413271155600_usaf575-B15","volume-title":"Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) Educational Objectives: Core Curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynecology","author":"CREOG Education Committee","year":"2022","edition":"13th ed"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/191\/7-8\/e1380\/65535999\/usaf575.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/191\/7-8\/e1380\/65535999\/usaf575.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T17:27:18Z","timestamp":1783186038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article\/191\/7-8\/e1380\/8343194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usaf575","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-4075","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-613X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]}}}