{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:46:24Z","timestamp":1775634384609,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood transfusion is a key aspect of the resuscitation of wounded casualties, yet blood product availability is often limited in low-resource conflict settings. Burkina Faso is a low-resource conflict setting in the Sahel region of West Africa. In Burkina Faso, the National Blood Transfusion Center (Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine; CNTS) is currently the only authorized institution to provide oversight for blood products, yet its coverage is insufficient. The current security context, characterized by widespread effects from terrorism including conflict-related injuries, leads to a constant strain on military health facilities which must meet increasing needs for blood products. This study aimed to examine the evolution of blood product utilization at Captain Halassane Coulibaly Military Hospital (l\u2019H\u00f4pital Militaire Capitaine Halassane Coulibaly; HM-CHC) over the past four years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study over a 48-month period from January 2021 to December 2024. The study population consisted of patients who had received a blood transfusion at HM-CHC regardless of sex, combatant status, or clinical indication. We examined variables including patient demographics, indication for transfusion, injury characteristics among trauma patients, and blood product utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four hundred thirty-five patients received at least one transfusion with a total of 1,405 units transfused. The median age of the patients was 38.3 years. War wounds including ballistic trauma and injuries related to improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were the most common indications for transfusion 85.3% (n\u2009=\u2009371). Between 2021 and 2024, the average number of blood products used per transfused patient increased from 2.55 to 3.53 units. Packed red blood cells were the most frequently used, accounting for 93.2% of transfused units (n\u2009=\u20091,309).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the past four years there has been an increase in blood product utilization at HM-CHC. This may reflect both increasing awareness of the importance of blood as part of resuscitation of the wounded, as well as increasing need for blood products due to the volume and acuity of casualties. Further research is required to understand the relationship between supply and demand for blood products at other treatment facilities in the study setting. Operationalization of a separate entity for blood transfusion within the military medical system of Burkina Faso may allow for self-sufficiency in supplying military medical units with blood products. In addition, the introduction of whole blood and freeze-dried plasma to address cold chain constraints, particularly closer to the battlefield, may improve casualty care in the study setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usag146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:25:27Z","timestamp":1773663927000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in Blood Product Utilization at a Military Hospital in the Sahel (2021-2024)"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phane Sidb\u00e9wendin","family":"Nana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Captain Halassane Coulibaly Military Hospital , Ouagadougou,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves Gaston","family":"Sanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Captain Halassane Coulibaly Military Hospital , Ouagadougou,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oumar","family":"Sourabie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Laboratory, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University , Ouagadougou,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youssouf","family":"Bagayogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Captain Halassane Coulibaly Military Hospital , Ouagadougou,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9raphin","family":"Nikiema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Captain Halassane Coulibaly Military Hospital , Ouagadougou,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah B","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Explosive Weapons Trauma Care Collective (EXTRACCT) , Seattle, WA 98195,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2011.02.022","article-title":"[Techniques of preparation and indications of labile blood products]","volume":"18","author":"Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transfus Clin Biol J Soc Francaise Transfus Sang"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B2","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e522","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00564-8","article-title":"Innovative blood transfusion strategies to address global blood deserts: a consensus statement from the Blood Delivery via Emerging Strategies for Emergency Remote Transfusion (Blood DESERT) Coalition","volume":"12","author":"Raykar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B4","author":"WHO","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B5","author":"Centre national de transfusion sanguine","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B6","author":"Centre national de transfusion sanguine","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B7","first-page":"millitary-2025-003045","article-title":"Casualty care in a low-resource conflict setting: injury epidemiology and management among military personnel in Burkina Faso from 2020-2024","volume-title":"BMJ Mil Health","author":"Sanou","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy112","article-title":"Damage control resuscitation","volume":"183","author":"Cap","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.55460\/4SI5-9IRH","article-title":"Blood product administration during transport throughout the US Africa command theater of operation","volume":"21","author":"Schauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med Peer Rev J SOF Med Prof"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001456","article-title":"Whole blood transfusion closest to the point-of-injury during French remote military operations","volume":"82","author":"Daniel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03594.x","article-title":"Constant challenges and evolution of US military transfusion medicine and blood operations in combat","volume":"52","author":"Spinella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion (Paris)"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1918.26010170001012","article-title":"A rapid macroscopic agglutination test for blood groups, and its value in testing donors for transfusion","volume":"70","author":"Vincent","year":"1918","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B13","author":"Benhayoun","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B14","article-title":"Evaluation de la pratique transfusionnelle en urgence obst\u00e9tricale et gyn\u00e9cologique au Centre hospitalier universitaire yalgado ou\u00e9draogo, ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)","volume":"37","author":"Zamane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Sant\u00e9"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B15","author":"Risks Associated With Fresh Whole Blood and Red Blood Cell Transfusions in a Combat Support Hospital\u202f: Critical Care Medicine","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181848cf6","article-title":"Injuries from roadside improvised explosive devices","volume":"65","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31819d85fb","article-title":"Warm fresh whole blood is independently associated with improved survival for patients with combat-related traumatic injuries","volume":"66","author":"Spinella","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37051\/mir-00035","article-title":"Transfusion de sang total\u202f: quelle place dans la r\u00e9animation du choc h\u00e9morragique traumatique\u202f?","volume":"29, 337\u201348","author":"Cordier","year":"2020","journal-title":"M\u00e9d Intense R\u00e9animation"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18460","article-title":"The local initiative for emergency blood (LIFE-blood) study: a mixed-methods, single-center exploration of civilian walking blood bank need, feasibility, and safety in a low-resource blood desert","volume":"65","author":"Raykar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transfusion (Paris)"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pratan.2024.12.010","article-title":"Le plasma lyophilis\u00e9 et ses indications","volume":"29","author":"Gallice","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prat En Anesth R\u00e9animation"},{"key":"2026040802555762100_usag146-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31822f1285","article-title":"Use of freeze-dried plasma in French intensive care unit in Afghanistan","volume":"71","author":"Martinaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/milmed\/usag146\/67871427\/usag146.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/milmed\/usag146\/67871427\/usag146.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T06:56:02Z","timestamp":1775631362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/milmed\/usag146\/8607774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usag146","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-4075","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-613X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"article-number":"usag146"}}