{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T19:17:42Z","timestamp":1783711062833,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Modern military medical operations frequently occur in environments where access to specialized procedural care is limited by distance, mobility requirements, and constrained infrastructure. In these settings, forward medical teams must often manage complex conditions with limited personnel and equipment. Physician associates represent a critical component of the military medical workforce and frequently serve as a senior medical provider within forward and austere environments. Because physician associates are already embedded within deployed medical teams and are trained to perform a range of invasive procedures, expanding their role in image-guided procedural care represents a potential pathway to strengthen forward medical capability without increasing personnel requirements. This article examines the potential role of physician associates as procedural extenders for image-guided care in expeditionary medical systems. Military medical literature, radiology workforce analyses, and global interventional radiology education initiatives were reviewed to evaluate how physician associates could safely perform selected image-guided procedures with appropriate training and oversight. Historical experience demonstrates that physician associates have long served as procedural leaders in deployed settings, routinely performing vascular access, thoracic drainage, and other invasive interventions within Role 1 and Role 2 medical elements. Civilian data further show that advanced practice providers safely perform procedures such as paracentesis, thoracentesis, venous access, drain placement, and lumbar puncture with outcomes comparable to physicians when structured training and supervision are present. These precedents suggest that physician associates may be well positioned to expand their scope to include selected image-guided procedures when supported by focused education and standardized credentialing. A training model emphasizing ultrasound proficiency, procedural decision-making, and complication management could enable physician associates to perform procedures such as vascular access, fluid drainage, and diagnostic aspiration in austere environments. Simulation-based training and tele-supervision networks may further support safe implementation while maintaining oversight from physician specialists. Positioning physician associates as procedural extenders aligns with broader military medical priorities that emphasize modular, capability-based care and efficient use of existing personnel. By leveraging an already deployed workforce, this model could expand access to minimally invasive procedures in combat, humanitarian, and prolonged casualty care environments while maintaining continuity with higher-echelon medical facilities. Prospective evaluation will be necessary to fully define appropriate procedural scope, training standards, and safety outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usag313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T19:01:06Z","timestamp":1783710066000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physician Associates as Tactical Enablers of Expeditionary Interventional Radiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3922-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathon","family":"Schutt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06520,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-6795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Yeisley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Medical Center Radiologists , Norfolk, VA 23502,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pavlus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Brooke Army Medical Center , Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071015010425800_usag313-B1","volume-title":"How Should Air Force Expeditionary Medical Capabilities Be Expressed","author":"Snyder","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026071015010425800_usag313-B2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Modernizing Role 1 care: Extending ultrasound to the battlefield","volume":"2","author":"Monti","year":"2024","journal-title":"US Army Med Dept 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