{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:35:06Z","timestamp":1786556106449,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","funder":[{"name":"the Center for COMBAT Research at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>United States (US) military medical research has contributed substantially to advancements in trauma care, infectious disease management, and public health systems, among other domains. Extending beyond military readiness, many innovations have resulted in civilian healthcare applications. Prior national survey data indicated generally favorable views of military medical research despite limited public awareness of its scope and impact. Nonetheless, limitations of that support remain incompletely characterized, particularly regarding ethics, cost, transparency, and civilian applicability. This study aimed to further characterize the values and concerns associated with public support for US military medical research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 2,055 US adults assessing awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward military medical research. We examined associations between concerns, such as safety, ethics, cost, privacy, civilian relevance, and participants\u2019 perceptions of research value, views on the US military, and trust in US military medical research findings. Associations were assessed using chi-square tests with P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05 considered significant, and effect sizes were reported using Cramer\u2019s V.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among respondents, 55% agreed that military medical research follows rigorous scientific and ethical standards, while 37% were neutral and 9% disagreed. Concerns related to ethics, cost, and civilian relevance were significantly associated with reduced trust and less favorable perceptions toward military medical research. Concerns about ethics demonstrated one of the strongest and most consistent associations across analyses. Respondents expressing unfavorable views of both the US military and US military medical research reported higher levels of concern across multiple domains than those with favorable views of both. Conversely, individuals interested in learning more about military medical research demonstrated higher levels of trust in research findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public support for US military medical research appears substantial but conditional, as perceptions may be strongly influenced by concerns regarding ethics, cost, and civilian relevance. These findings suggest that trust in military medical research extends beyond perceptions of scientific rigor alone and may also reflect broader institutional expectations of transparency and public benefit. Additionally, the association between interest in learning more and higher levels of trust suggests that public engagement may represent a mechanism to improve perceptions and demonstrate transparency and relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usag384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:04:47Z","timestamp":1785585887000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Public Sentiment Toward Military Medical Research: Ethics, Cost, and Civilian Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Eggers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupriya","family":"Rajendiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9569-0202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8816-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikhyat S","family":"Bebarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"59th Medical Wing, JBSA Fort Sam Houston , TX 78236,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston , TX 78234,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston , TX 78234,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Medical Department, U.S. Army Medical Specialist Corps , JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca R","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) , Falls Church, VA 22045,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5571-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1614-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Eisenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Colorado Center for Combat Medicine and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research , Aurora, CO 80045,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth , Portsmouth, VA 23708,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Bravo Company, 2nd Medical Battalion, 2nd Marine Logistics Group , Portsmouth, VA 23708,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081212432327200_usag384-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2335125","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.35125","article-title":"Military medicine\u2019s value to US health care and public health: bringing battlefield lessons home","volume":"6","author":"Kellermann","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026081212432327200_usag384-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v8i1.596","article-title":"Military medicine and medical research as a source of inspiration and innovation 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Health","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026081212432327200_usag384-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e284","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2025.10211","article-title":"\u201cDeserved trust\u201d: perspectives in trust and trustworthiness by biomedical researchers in clinical and translational sciences","volume":"9","author":"Sotto-Santiago","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Sci"}],"container-title":["Military 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