{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:09:56Z","timestamp":1793398196431,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/3\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Royal British Legion and the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usx126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T09:33:39Z","timestamp":1521020019000},"page":"e448-e453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Characterization of Lower Extremity Blast Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Claire E","family":"Webster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Clasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Stinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Eliahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros D","family":"Masouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9955","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61643-3","article-title":"Doomed to go in company with miserable pain\u201d: surgical recognition and treatment of amputation-related pain on the Western Front during World War 1","volume":"384","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000580","article-title":"Improved survival in UK combat casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan: 2003-2012","volume":"78","author":"Penn-Barwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S431","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182755dcc","article-title":"Death on the battlefield (2001-2011): implications for the future of combat casualty care","volume":"73","author":"Eastridge","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7765","article-title":"Associated injuries in casualties with traumatic lower extremity amputations caused by improvised explosive devices","volume":"99","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.3104","article-title":"The effect of a golden hour policy on the morbidity and mortality of combat casualties","volume":"151","author":"Kotwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.01.025","article-title":"Acute bilateral leg amputation following combat injury in UK servicemen","volume":"45","author":"Penn-barwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S388","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827548df","article-title":"Military medical revolution: Military trauma system","volume":"73","author":"Blackbourne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c379","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c379","article-title":"Doctors on the front line","volume":"340","author":"Macdonald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-153-04-04","article-title":"Governance and data collection trauma governance in the UK defence medical services major trauma audit for clinical effectiveness (MACE)","volume":"153","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The Injury Severity Score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"Supp I","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C11","first-page":"10","article-title":"Blast injury to the perineum","volume":"159","author":"Sharma","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C12","author":"Statistics at MOD"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31814934d8","article-title":"Amputation in military trauma surgery","volume":"63","author":"Stansbury","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C14","first-page":"43","article-title":"Amputations in U. S. military personnel in the current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq","volume":"22","author":"Stansbury","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.55460\/KVBI-S6IL","article-title":"Combat ready clamp medic technique","volume":"12","author":"Tovmassian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.55460\/9H3H-5GPS","article-title":"A modern case series of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in an out-of-hospital, combat casualty care setting","volume":"17","author":"Manley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182625f82","article-title":"Improvised explosive device related pelvi-perineal trauma: anatomic injuries and surgical management","volume":"73","author":"Mossadegh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"supplement","key":"2019042311440523400_usx126C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31822154d8","article-title":"Combat-related pelvis fractures in nonsurvivors","volume":"71","author":"Bailey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article-pdf\/183\/9-10\/e448\/28503008\/usx126.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:27:35Z","timestamp":1660609655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/article\/183\/9-10\/e448\/4934972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9-10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usx126","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-4075","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-613X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]}}}