{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:55:45Z","timestamp":1792162545014,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013133","name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W91YTZ-13-C-0015 20DEC18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W91YTZ-13-C-0015 20DEC18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are identified as signature injuries of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Statistics have confirmed a high incidence of PTSD among military personnel with mild TBI (mTBI) who served in these conflicts. Although receiving less attention, individuals with a history of mTBI are also at increased risk for depressive disorders. This study examines the incidence and correlates of depression in service members with a history of mTBI received an average of 4\u20131\/2 years prior to evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of 184 service members with a history of mTBI extracted from a data repository maintained at a military medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One-third of the sample (34.2%) was clinically diagnosed with a depressive disorder in the month preceding evaluation. Of those with depression, 81% (51 of 63) were also diagnosed with PTSD. Proportionately more women than men had depression. Depression was more common among those who were undergoing a Military Evaluation Board and those who served in more than three combat deployments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results confirm chronically elevated the rates of depressive disorders and PTSD comorbidity among service members with a history of mTBI. Depression screening and treatment within the Military Health System should remain a priority for service members reporting a remote history of mTBI. Individuals with chronic PTSD, women, service members undergoing MEB and those who served in greater than three combat deployments are at particular risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T16:12:20Z","timestamp":1553271140000},"page":"148-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Correlates of Depression in U.S. Military Service Members With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Jan E","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurology, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa H","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurology, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurology, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix O","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurology, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas B","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. 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