{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T18:56:51Z","timestamp":1772737011251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Headaches are the most common complaint after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a significant cause of morbidity and disability among military personnel. Currently, there are a several measures which can assess headache disability, but there is a significant burden to assess each individual symptom given this heterogeneous polymorbid population. The objective of this proposed study was to validate the single headache item from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) compared to the 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Participants included consecutive treatment-seeking outpatients at the Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service at the Brooke Army Medical Center from August 2007 to January 2010 who were administered a battery of assessment measures at initial intake, as part of usual care. Archival record review was conducted using procedures approved by the local Institutional Review Board. Inclusionary criteria included completion of both the HIT-6 and NSI. Participants with a cut-off score of >22 on the NSI Validity-10 were excluded in a post hoc analysis to validate findings among those who passed validity screen.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The Pearson correlation between the single-item NSI headache measure and the HIT-6 revealed at least 64% shared variance in this military sample (r = 0.8, p < 0.001), indication a high association between the two measures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The NSI single-item headache measure adequately captured headache severity in this military cohort. Use of the single-item NSI headache measure may minimize survey burden on participants whose primary complaint is not headaches, or who present with multiple symptoms. Future studies are needed to validate the single-item headache measure in other samples.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T17:00:02Z","timestamp":1563901202000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Single-Item Versus Multiple-Item Headache Ratings in Service Members Seeking Treatment for Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Lisa H","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Neurology Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-1906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy O","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan E","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Neurology Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blessen C","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas B","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, San Antonio, TX"},{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center, Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.05.0073","article-title":"Program development and defining characteristics of returning military in a VA Polytrauma Network Site","volume":"44","author":"Lew","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072972","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. Soldiers returning from Iraq","volume":"358","author":"Hoge","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.01.0006","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain, posttraumatic stress disorder, and persistent postconcussive symptoms in OIF\/OEF veterans: polytrauma clinical triad","volume":"46","author":"Lew","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1914","article-title":"Natural history of headache after traumatic brain injury","volume":"28","author":"Hoffman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C5","first-page":"II73","article-title":"Practical implications of item response theory and computerized adaptive testing: a brief summary of ongoing studies of widely used headache impact scales","volume":"38","author":"Ware","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026123400242","article-title":"Using item response theory to calibrate the Headache Impact Test (HIT) to the metric of traditional headache scales","volume":"12","author":"Bjorner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2014.894576","article-title":"Normative Data for the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and post-concussion symptom profiles among TBI, PTSD, and nonclinical samples","volume":"28","author":"Soble","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C8","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019072311100272300_usz173C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e318281966e","article-title":"Screening for postdeployment conditions: development and cross-validation of an embedded validity scale in the neurobehavioral symptom inventory","volume":"29","author":"Vanderploeg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz173\/28980258\/usz173.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T17:00:05Z","timestamp":1563901205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz173\/5537143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"references-count":9,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz173","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-4075","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-613X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"article-number":"usz173"}}