{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:34:09Z","timestamp":1761514449912,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch, Division of Global Emerging Infectious Surveillance and Response System","award":["A0310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0310"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Introduction: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease spread through contact with contaminated water\/soil. The US soldiers at the military bases in these countries are extremely vulnerable, as most of them are immunologically na\u00efve to the responsible pathogen. No recent sero-epidemiological data of leptospirosis among US Marines stationed in Japan were available. Materials and Methods: In this study, we analyzed the presence of leptospirosis in US Marines stationed in Japan. One thousand posttour sera samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Leptospira-specific Immunoglobulin G. Results: Among these 1,000 posttour samples, 85 of them were positive and corresponding pretour samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also. Seroconversion occurred for 35 (3.5%) Marines during their assignment to Japan. These results also indicate that 50 Marine personnels were exposed to leptospires before their assignment to Japan, perhaps because of previous exposure to leptospires at home. Conclusion: The 5% rate of seroconversion in 2013 and 2014 suggests that leptospirosis is a potential threat for Marines in the endemic region in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T13:49:20Z","timestamp":1568036960000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Leptospirosis Seroconversion Surveillance Among US Marines Assigned to Japan, 2011\u20132015"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Hua-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Belinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Mei","family":"Ching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2019091013110344800_ref1","first-page":"351","article-title":"The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends","volume":"12","author":"Pappas","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019091013110344800_ref2","first-page":"376","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"18","author":"McBride","year":"2005"},{"edition":"Ed 2","year":"1999","author":"Faine","key":"2019091013110344800_ref3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019091013110344800_ref4","first-page":"10","article-title":"Discovery of the causative organism of Weil\u2019s disease: historical view","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2019091013110344800_ref5","first-page":"399","article-title":"Current status of leptospirosis in Japan and Philippines","volume":"30","author":"Yannagihara","year":"2007"},{"key":"2019091013110344800_ref6","first-page":"103","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Japan, January 2007-April 2016. Infectious Agents Surveillance Report","author":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019091013110344800_ref7","first-page":"228","article-title":"Leptospiral meningitis: report of outbreak among American troops on Okinawa","volume":"149","author":"Gauld","year":"1952"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019091013110344800_ref8","first-page":"743","article-title":"A waterborne outbreak of leptospirosis among United States military personnel in Okinawa, Japan","volume":"19","author":"Corwin","year":"1990"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2019091013110344800_ref9","first-page":"e208","article-title":"A study on the leptospirosis outbreak among US marine trainees in Okinawa, Japan","volume":"183","author":"Dierks","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019091013110344800_ref10","first-page":"266","article-title":"An improved enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2019091013110344800_ref11","first-page":"35","article-title":"A statistically defined endpoint titer determination method for immunoassays","volume":"221","author":"Frey","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019091013110344800_ref12","first-page":"363","article-title":"Causes of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in rural Thailand: results of a prospective observational study","volume":"100","author":"Suttinont","year":"2006"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019091013110344800_ref13","first-page":"13","article-title":"Leptospirosis seroconversion surveillance among US Army infantry forces assigned to South Korea, 2011-2014","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019091013110344800_ref14","first-page":"2276","article-title":"The leptospiral major outer membrane protein LipL32 is a lipoprotein expressed during mammalian infection","volume":"68","author":"Haake","year":"2000"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019091013110344800_ref15","first-page":"4853","article-title":"Surfaceome of Leptospira spp","volume":"73","author":"Cullen","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019091013110344800_ref16","first-page":"196","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) genes in pathogenic Leptospira spp","volume":"9","author":"Mcbride","year":"2009"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019091013110344800_ref17","first-page":"497","article-title":"An efficacy trial of doxycycline chemoprophylaxis against leptospirosis","volume":"310","author":"Takafuji","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019091013110344800_ref18","first-page":"199","article-title":"Chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline in suspected epidemic of leptospirosis during floods: Does this really work?","volume":"10","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2010"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019091013110344800_ref19","first-page":"709","article-title":"Single dosage of doxycycline for prophylaxis against leptospiral infection and leptospirosis during urban flooding in southern Thailand: a non-randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Chusri","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Military Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz195\/29815754\/usz195.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T18:47:50Z","timestamp":1568141270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/milmed\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz195\/5559248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz195","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-4075","1930-613X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0026-4075"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1930-613X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"article-number":"usz195"}}