{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:12:42Z","timestamp":1792649562476,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013133","name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2008, it was reported that 19.5% of service members previously deployed experienced a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fifty-seven percent of those did not seek medical care. It was suggested that concerns with seeking care involved confidentiality and career issues. Objective: This study addressed mTBI history, medical treatment history, and stigmas associated with mTBI\/concussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anonymous questionnaire was developed. Data collection occurred throughout March 2018 in conjunction with Brain Injury Awareness Month activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 5,174 volunteers were Army; 86% male; 87% were between 18 and 34\u00a0years old; 89% had &amp;lt;14\u00a0years in the military; 35% had a combat deployment; and 10% reported having one or more mTBIs in their military careers. Of the Soldiers who reported a concussion, 52% sought medical care. Of those not seeking care, 64% reported they did not think the injury required care, followed by 18% fearing negative impact on their career. Twenty-eight percent who experienced an mTBI versus 11% who have not reported that there is a stigma associated with an mTBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soldiers sometimes failed to report their suspected concussions and did not seek medical care. Educational efforts may increase reporting of and medical screening for potentially concussive events. Future research to determine the ramifications of unreported and untreated mTBIs\/concussions is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T15:09:30Z","timestamp":1582124970000},"page":"154-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Traumatic Brain Injuries: Unreported and Untreated in an Army Population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Sandra M","family":"Escolas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , 1335 East-West Highway, Ste 6-100, Silver Spring, MD 20910"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology , 3211 Jermantown Road, Fairfax, VA 22030"},{"name":"Fort Hood Intrepid Spirit Center , Bldg 36029 58 th Street, Fort Hood, TX 76544"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margie","family":"Luton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , 1335 East-West Highway, Ste 6-100, Silver Spring, MD 20910"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology , 3211 Jermantown Road, Fairfax, VA 22030"},{"name":"Fort Hood Intrepid Spirit Center , Bldg 36029 58 th Street, Fort Hood, TX 76544"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Ferdosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , 1335 East-West Highway, Ste 6-100, Silver Spring, MD 20910"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology , 3211 Jermantown Road, Fairfax, VA 22030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca D","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , 1335 East-West Highway, Ste 6-100, Silver Spring, MD 20910"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology , 3211 Jermantown Road, Fairfax, VA 22030"},{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Clinic , Bldg 2496, Ricker Road, Fort Bliss, TX 79916"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scot D","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , 1335 East-West Highway, Ste 6-100, Silver Spring, MD 20910"},{"name":"Fort Hood Intrepid Spirit Center , Bldg 36029 58 th Street, Fort Hood, TX 76544"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120801162140400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318245a558","article-title":"Prevalence and costs of co-occurring traumatic brain injury with and without psychiatric disturbance and pain among Afghanistan and Iraq War Veteran VA users","volume":"50","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2023120801162140400_ref2","author":"Chuck"},{"key":"2023120801162140400_ref3","author":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center"},{"key":"2023120801162140400_ref4","author":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center"},{"key":"2023120801162140400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E57","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000061","article-title":"Population estimates of undocumented incident traumatic brain injuries among combat-deployed US military personnel","volume":"30","author":"Chase","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2023120801162140400_ref6","volume-title":"RAND Research Highlights. 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