{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:30:47Z","timestamp":1790091047744,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences via the UK-Ireland Gilead Invasive Fungal Disease Fellowship program 2017","award":["131\/UK\/17-06\/MMAR\/1291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131\/UK\/17-06\/MMAR\/1291"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have been recognized to be at increased risk of Aspergillus\u00a0spp. colonization, which may progress to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Aspergillus colonization, or disease, in a cohort of COPD patients. A prospective observational study was undertaken to determine Aspergillus\u00a0colonization, or disease, in consecutive COPD patients undergoing bronchoscopy. Fungal culture as well as galactomannan antigen (GM) and\u00a0Aspergillus nucleic acid detection (PCR) were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) samples. One hundred and fifty patients were recruited. One hundred and twelve (74.7%) were outpatients, 38 (25.33%) were inpatients, of whom 6 (4%) were in the intensive care unit. Most patients (N\u00a0=\u00a0122, 81.3%) were either COPD GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stages 1 or 2. Nine (6%) patients were on systemic steroids, 64 (42.7%) on inhaled steroids, and 9 (6%) on both. Seventeen patients (11.3%) had at least one positive test for Aspergillus detection (culture\u00a0\u00b1 galactomannan\u00a0\u00b1 polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), 13 (76.4%) of whom were COPD GOLD stages 1 or 2.\u00a0 Five patients had probable or putative IPA. Aspergillus sp. was detected in five patients (3.3%) by culture, but detection increased to 17 (11.3%) by the additional testing for GM or Aspergillus DNA. The frequency of Aspergillus detection in this cohort of COPD patients may reflect the predominance of early GOLD stages among the study population but deserves further investigation to determine its relevance as a predictive risk factor for IPA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1597138049000},"page":"557-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prospective observational study of respiratory\n                    <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n                    colonization or disease in patients with various stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease utilizing culture versus nonculture techniques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3929-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarmad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alida Fe","family":"Talento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, St. James\u2019s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, St. James\u2019s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Martin-Loeches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James\u2019s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. James\u2019s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, St. James\u2019s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021060422085163900_bib1","author":"Burden of COPD [Internet]. 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