{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T02:33:06Z","timestamp":1778293986776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rare disease that requires careful attention and prompts management due to its high mortality among pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. This is a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with hematological malignancies treated at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57 357 (CCHE) through the period from 2008 till 2016 with proven IFS. Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with IFS. Five (15%) patients had an invasive rhino-cerebral fungal disease. Mucorales were isolated in 50% (n\u00a0=\u00a017) patients, Aspergillus in 38% (n\u00a0=\u00a013) patients, and mixed fungal in 12% (n\u00a0=\u00a04) patients. Sinuses were the only localized site in (45%). Extra-nasal spread was reported in 20 patients; Sino-pulmonary in 35% (n\u00a0=\u00a012), sino-cerebral in 15% (n\u00a0=\u00a05), and sino-orbital in 5% (n\u00a0=\u00a02) patients. Combined antifungal therapy with surgical debridement was done in 59% of patients with a better outcome when compared to those who received only medical antifungal treatment (P\u00a0=\u00a0.01). The overall mortality rate at week 12 was 35% (n\u00a0=\u00a012), and IFS attributable mortality was 20% (n\u00a0=\u00a07). IFS with cerebral extension carried the highest mortality rate for both 12-week all-cause (P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) and fungal-attributable (P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) mortality. Pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies are susceptible to invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS). Surgical debridement, combined with antifungal therapy, improves outcomes among those patients. IFS patients with cerebral extension had a higher risk of mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied the characteristics of invasive fungal sinusitis in children with hematological malignancies. Mucormycosis was the most common cause. Surgical debridement, combined with anti-fungal therapy, improves outcomes. Patients with rhino-cerebral fungal disease had a higher risk of mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T20:11:20Z","timestamp":1643746280000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcome of invasive fungal sinusitis in children with hematological malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"Eissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (57357), 11511, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 11511, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, 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