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The fungal contamination in the environment of a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) group, housed in a French zoological park next to numerous large crop fields, was assessed through three serial sessions of surface sampling in nests, in 2018\u201320: all isolates were counted and characterized by sequencing. When identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, they were systematically screened for resistance mutations in the cyp51A gene and tested for minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determination. At the same time, the clinical incidence of aspergillosis was evaluated in the penguin population by the means of systematic necropsy and mycological investigations. A microsatellite-based analysis tracked the circulation of A. fumigatus strains. Environmental investigations highlighted the substantial increase of the fungal load during the summer season (&amp;gt;12-fold vs. the other timepoints) and a large overrepresentation of species belonging to the Aspergillus section Fumigati, ranging from 22.7 to 94.6% relative prevalence. Only one cryptic species was detected (A. nishimurae), and one isolate exhibited G138S resistance mutation with elevated MICs. The overall incidence of aspergillosis was measured at \u223c3.4% case-years, and mostly in juveniles. The analysis of microsatellite polymorphism revealed a high level of genetic diversity among A. fumigatus clinical isolates. In contrast, one environmental strain appeared largely overrepresented during the summer sampling session. In all, the rural location of the zoo did not influence the emergence of resistant strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay summary<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T13:32:53Z","timestamp":1655472773000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Aspergillosis in a colony of Humboldt penguins (<i>Spheniscus humboldti<\/i>) under managed care: a clinical and environmental investigation in a French zoological park"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Estelle","family":"Cateau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie \u2013 Mycologie \u2013 M\u00e9decine Tropicale , H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, 37044 CHRU Tours, France"},{"name":"Parasitologie \u2013 Mycologie, H\u00f4pital de Poitiers , 86021 CHU Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature , 41110 Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9mie","family":"Cartier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie \u2013 Mycologie \u2013 M\u00e9decine Tropicale , H\u00f4pital Bretonneau, 37044 CHRU Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Valsecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamyc - 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