{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:06:13Z","timestamp":1753877173570,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008793","name":"Universidad del Rosario","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) and Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) cause cryptococcosis, a life-threatening systemic mycosis of global distribution affecting mainly immunocompromised adults. Although a humoral response occurs during cryptococcosis, the role of antibody production against this mycosis is not fully understood. We aimed to determine total and specific antibodies against cryptococcal protein antigens in sera from people with and without a diagnosis of cryptococcosis from Colombia. Using ELISA, total and specific levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and IgM were determined in sera from children and adults with (n\u00a0=\u00a0109) and without (n\u00a0=\u00a0119) cryptococcosis. Specific antibodies were those binding Cn- and Cg-protein antigens. In general, the mean of the total IgG production was higher in cryptococcosis patients than in controls (13\u2009942.32 vs. 6459.91\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml), while levels of IgA (488.13 vs. 1564.53\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml) and IgM (775.69 vs. 1014.72\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml) were higher in controls than in cryptococcosis patients (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.05). In patients with cryptococcosis, total IgG, IgA and IgM levels were higher in HIV\u00a0+\u00a0compared with HIV\u2212 (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.05). Specific antibodies tended to be higher in cryptococcosis patients than in controls and in adults than in children, with a positive correlation between antibody reactivity and age. All immunoglobulins were more reactive against Cn-proteins than Cg-proteins. Overall, a positive weak correlation between total and specific antibodies was found, although not always statistically significant. In patients with cryptococcosis from Colombia, the levels of immunoglobulins, total and specific, differ with respect to people without cryptococcosis. Variations in antibody production among adults and children with cryptococcosis and between Cn- and Cg-protein antigens were as well established. Our findings encourage further studies to determine the role of humoral immunity for host defense against cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T15:24:48Z","timestamp":1662477888000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>- and<i>Cryptococcus gattii<\/i>-specific IgG, IgA and IgM differ among children and adults with and without cryptococcosis from Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Becerra-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario , Bogota , Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Escand\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Microbiology, National Institute of Health , Bogota , Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jairo","family":"Lizarazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Universidad de Pamplona , C\u00facuta , Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Quir\u00f3s-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad CES , Medellin , Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7547-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Firacative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario , Bogota , Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019760","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019760","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis","volume":"4","author":"Kwon-Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30243-8","article-title":"Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib3","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in Colombia: compilation and analysis of data from laboratory-based surveillance","volume":"4","author":"Escand\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276130537","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in Colombian children and literature review","volume":"109","author":"Lizarazo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00542-09","article-title":"Spores as infectious propagules of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"77","author":"Velagapudi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib6","first-page":"237","article-title":"Environmental niches for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii","volume-title":"Cryptococcus: From Human Pathogen to Model Yeast","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.006","volume":"30","author":"Maziarz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2022091413043290800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170554","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170554","article-title":"Latin American Cryptococcal Study G. 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