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For this purpose, a total of 110 isolates were obtained from Czech patients with various clinical manifestations of dermatophytosis. Phenotypic characters were analyzed, and the strains were characterized using multilocus sequence typing. Among the 12 measured\/scored phenotypic features, statistically significant differences were found only in growth rates at 37\u00a0\u00b0C and in the production of spiral hyphae, but none of these features is diagnostic. Correlations were found between T. interdigitale and higher age of patients and between clinical manifestations such as tinea pedis or onychomychosis. The MLST approach showed that internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotyping of T. mentagrophytes isolates has limited practical benefits because of extensive gene flow between sublineages. Based on our results and previous studies, there are few taxonomic arguments for preserving both species names. The species show a lack of monophyly and unique morphology. On the other hand, some genotypes are associated with predominant clinical manifestations and sources of infections, which keep those names alive. This practice is questionable because the use of both names confuses identification, leading to difficulty in comparing epidemiological studies. The current identification method using ITS genotyping is ambiguous for some isolates and is not user-friendly. Additionally, identification tools such as matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry fail to distinguish these species. To avoid further confusion and to simplify identification in practice, we recommend using the name T. mentagrophytes for the entire complex. When clear differentiation of populations corresponding to T. interdigitale and Trichophyton indotineae is possible based on molecular data, we recommend optionally using a variety rank: T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes var. indotineae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T09:30:29Z","timestamp":1681810229000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Defining the relationship between phylogeny, clinical manifestation, and phenotype for\n                    <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes\/interdigitale<\/i>\n                    complex; a literature review and taxonomic recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Michaela","family":"\u0160varcov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , , Prague , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"V\u011btrovsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Kola\u0159\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vit","family":"Hubka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050108232465300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816728.ch121","article-title":"Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and agents of superficial mycoses","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Summerbell","year":"2011","edition":"10th edn"},{"key":"2023050108232465300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x","article-title":"Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide","volume":"51","author":"Havlickova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2023050108232465300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17106","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Trichophyton mentagrophytes\/Trichophyton interdigitale infections in the Zurich area: a retrospective study using genotyping","volume":"35","author":"Klinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2023050108232465300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09494.x","article-title":"Signature polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer region relevant for the differentiation of zoophilic and anthropophilic strains of Trichophyton interdigitale and other species of T. mentagrophytes sensu lato","volume":"162","author":"Heidemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023050108232465300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-280X.1999.00234.x","article-title":"Molecular taxonomy of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans","volume":"37","author":"Gr\u00e4ser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2023050108232465300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-015-9893-2","article-title":"Which fungus originally was Trichophyton mentagrophytes? 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