{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:31:14Z","timestamp":1790613074374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["PI18\/01155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01155"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["PI19\/00074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00074"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Several institutions reported a rise not only in fungemia incidence but also in the number of cases caused by Candida auris or fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic broke out in early 2020, we studied its impact on fungemia incidence, species epidemiology, potential patient-to-patient transmission, and antifungal resistance in 166 incident yeast isolates collected from January 2020 to December 2022. Isolates were molecularly identified, and their antifungal susceptibilities to amphotericin B, azoles, micafungin, anidulafungin, and ibrexafungerp were studied following the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) method, and genotyped. The fungemia incidence (episodes per 1000 admissions) tended to decrease over time (2020\u00a0=\u00a01.60, 2021\u00a0=\u00a01.36, 2022\u00a0=\u00a01.16); P\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a0.05). Species distribution was C. albicans (50.6%, n\u00a0=\u00a084), C. parapsilosis (18.7%, n\u00a0=\u00a031), C. glabrata (12.0%, n\u00a0=\u00a020), C. tropicalis (11.4%, n\u00a0=\u00a019), C. krusei (3.0%, n\u00a0=\u00a05), other Candida spp. (1.2%, n\u00a0=\u00a02), and non-Candida yeasts (3.0%, n\u00a0=\u00a05). The highest and lowest proportions of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were detected in 2020. The proportion of isolates between 2020 and 2022 decreased in C. albicans (60.3% vs. 36.7%) and increased in C. parapsilosis (10.3% vs. 28.6%; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05) and C. tropicalis (8.8% vs. 16.3%; P\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a0.05). Only three C. albicans intra-ward clusters involving two patients each were detected, and the percentages of patients involved in intra-ward clusters reached 9.8% and 8.0% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, suggesting that clonal spreading was not uncontrolled. Fluconazole resistance (5%) exhibited a decreasing trend (P\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a0.05) over time (2020\u00a0=\u00a07.6%; 2021\u00a0=\u00a04.2%; and 2022\u00a0=\u00a02.1%). Ibrexafungerp showed high in vitro activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T20:22:36Z","timestamp":1689366156000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Yeasts from blood cultures in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital: Shift in species epidemiology, steady low antifungal resistance and full <i>in vitro<\/i> ibrexafungerp activity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7216-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8201-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aina","family":"Mesquida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06\/06\/0058) , 28029, Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5706-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06\/06\/0058) , 28029, Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6254-4570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Escribano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences-HM Hospitals, Universidad Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela, 28692 , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Guinea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06\/06\/0058) , 28029, Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13225","article-title":"Increased incidence of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital with the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"64","author":"Nucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030305","article-title":"Incidence of candidemia is higher in COVID-19 versus Non-COVID-19 patients, but not driven by intrahospital transmission","volume":"8","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050451","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical profile of candidemia and the incidence of fungemia due to fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis","volume":"8","author":"Ramos-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11060771","article-title":"Epidemiology of candidemia and fluconazole resistance in an ICU before and during the COVID-19 pandemic era","volume":"11","author":"Routsi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102353","article-title":"Increased incidence of candidemia in critically ill patients during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Papadimitriou-Olivgeris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020100","article-title":"A Brazilian inter-hospital candidemia outbreak caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis in the COVID-19 era","volume":"8","author":"Thomaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0071022","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00710-22","article-title":"Evidence of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis genotypes spreading across hospitals located in Madrid, Spain and harboring the Y132F ERG11p substitution","volume":"66","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac288","article-title":"Blood and intra-abdominal Candida spp. From a multicentre study conducted in Madrid using EUCAST: Emergence of fluconazole resistance in Candida parapsilosis, low echinocandin resistance and absence of Candida auris","volume":"77","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01827","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01827-20","article-title":"Monitoring the epidemiology and antifungal resistance of yeasts causing fungemia in a Tertiary Care hospital in Madrid, Spain: Any relevant changes in the last 13 years?","volume":"65","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib10","first-page":"1228","article-title":"Candida genotyping of blood culture isolates from patients admitted to 16 hospitals in Madrid: Genotype spreading during the COVID-19 pandemic driven by fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis","volume-title":"J Fungi","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib11","article-title":"EUCAST definitive document E.DEF 7.3.2. Method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents for yeasts","author":"Arendrup","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.06.007","article-title":"How to interpret MICs of antifungal compounds according to the revised clinical breakpoints v. 10.0 European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST)","volume":"26","author":"Arendrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124921","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01249-21","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility testing identifies the abdominal cavity as a source of Candida glabrata-resistant isolates","volume":"65","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.09.030","article-title":"In vitro activity of ibrexafungerp against Candida species isolated from blood cultures. Determination of wild-type populations using the EUCAST method","volume":"28","author":"Mesquida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00574","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00574-18","article-title":"Reduction in percentage of clusters of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis causing candidemia in a general hospital in Madrid, Spain","volume":"56","author":"Escribano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2023072514250893700_bib16","first-page":"MEM0103","article-title":"Fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis spreading across Madrid has gained traction in 2022: An update of the CANDIMAD (CANDIdaemia in MADrid) survey","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad072\/50898146\/myad072.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/61\/7\/myad072\/50957959\/myad072.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/61\/7\/myad072\/50957959\/myad072.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T15:47:31Z","timestamp":1690300051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad072\/7225521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-3786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"article-number":"myad072"}}