{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:28:14Z","timestamp":1764350894108,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172291","82102419","82002124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172291","82102419","82002124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although previous studies on the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex (CNSC) isolates from China revealed ST5 genotype isolates being dominant, the information about the CNSC isolates from Chinese HIV-infected patients is limited. In this study, 171 CNSC isolates from HIV-infected patients in the Chongqing region of Southwest China were genotyped using the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology-multilocus sequence typing consensus scheme, and their antifungal drug susceptibilities were determined following CLSI M27-A3 guidelines. Among 171 isolates, six sequence types (STs) were identified, including the dominant ST5 isolates, the newly reported ST15, and four diploid VNIII isolates (ST632\/ST636). Moreover, a total of 1019 CNSC isolates with STs and HIV-status information were collected and analyzed from Mainland China in the present study. A minimum spanning analysis grouped these 1019 isolates into three main subgroups, which were dominated by the ST5 clonal complex (CC5), followed by the ST31 clonal complex (CC31) and ST93 clonal complex (CC93). The trend of resistance or decreasing susceptibility of clinical CNSC isolates to azole agents within HIV-infected patients from the Chongqing region is increasing, especially resistance to fluconazole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T14:58:28Z","timestamp":1700060308000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> species complex from China, including the diploid VNIII isolates from HIV-infected patients in Chongqing region"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Lanyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saisai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changhua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical Research Institute (MRI), Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengzhu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command , Guangzhou , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6842-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Cogliati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Hitchcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2915-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guojian","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China"},{"name":"The Medical Research Institute (MRI), Southwest University , Chongqing , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019760","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019760","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis","volume":"4","author":"Kwon-Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683670","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.683670","article-title":"Molecular markers reveal epidemiological patterns and evolutionary histories of the human pathogenic cryptococcus","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1406(08)70019-6","article-title":"Diversity of the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex","volume":"25","author":"Bovers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2015.02.009","article-title":"Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii\/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"78","author":"Hagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10092-5","article-title":"Three phylogenetic groups have driven the recent population expansion of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"10","author":"Ashton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.8.1410-1419.2005","article-title":"Clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus gattii from Australia that retain sexual fecundity","volume":"4","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Euk Cell"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.045039","article-title":"Interaction between genetic background and the mating-type locus in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence potential","volume":"171","author":"Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0072321","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.00723-21","article-title":"Adaptation to fluconazole via aneuploidy enables cross-adaptation to amphotericin B and flucytosine in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00720-1","article-title":"Tackling the emerging threat of antifungal resistance to human health","volume":"20","author":"Fisher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.715763","article-title":"Fluconazole resistance in cryptococcal disease: emerging or intrinsic?","volume":"51","author":"Cheong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723251","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.723251","article-title":"High prevalence of HIV-related cryptococcosis and increased resistance to fluconazole of the Cryptococcus neoformans complex in Jiangxi Province, South Central China","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2014.10.017","article-title":"Epidemiology of cryptococcus and cryptococcosis in China","volume":"78","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30243-8","article-title":"Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00491-4","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis cases among China's HIV-infected population may have been severely under-reported","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1915-8","article-title":"Cryptococcosis: epidemiology, fungal resistance, and new alternatives for treatment","volume":"32","author":"Gullo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112045","article-title":"Analyses of the global multilocus genotypes of the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"13","author":"Hitchcock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09977-8","article-title":"Epidemiological and time series analysis on the incidence and death of AIDS and HIV in China","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1356(03)00176-4","article-title":"The internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene show extensive diversity among isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"4","author":"Katsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072222","article-title":"Geographically structured populations of Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii in Asia correlate with HIV status and show a clonal population structure","volume":"8","author":"Khayhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.965-972.2002","article-title":"Geographic distribution of mating type alleles of Cryptococcus neoformans in four areas of the United States","volume":"40","author":"Yan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219680000521","article-title":"Determination of ploidy in Cryptococcus neoformans by flow cytometry","volume":"34","author":"Tanaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa047","article-title":"New multilocus sequence typing primers to enable genotyping of AD hybrids within the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"58","author":"Cogliati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib23","first-page":"3000605211016197","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, Cryptococcus neoformans genotypes, antifungal susceptibility, and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Beijing","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"China J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01837","article-title":"Microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of patients with cryptococcal meningitis at a tertiary hospital in China: a 6-year retrospective analysis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04013-4","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Cryptococcus species isolates from HIV and non-HIV patients in Southwest China","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2289-2","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in China between 2007 and 2013 using multilocus sequence typing and the DiversiLab system","volume":"34","author":"Dou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20054-4","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing reveals both shared and unique genotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans in Jiangxi Province, China","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-014-0081-x","article-title":"FASconCAT-G: extensive functions for multiple sequence alignment preparations concerning phylogenetic studies","volume":"11","author":"K\u00fcck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Zool"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-152","article-title":"Global optimal eBURST analysis of multilocus typing data using a graphic matroid approach","volume":"10","author":"Francisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032868","article-title":"Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06252-11","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and flucytosine","volume":"56","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01115-12","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole","volume":"56","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-017-0601-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of fungal infections in China","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-376","article-title":"A case-control study of risk factors for HIV-negative children with cryptococcal meningitis in Shi Jiazhuang, China","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00091","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00091-10","article-title":"Mixed infections and in vivo evolution in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"1","author":"Desnos-Ollivier","year":"2010","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007812","article-title":"Cryptococcus genetic diversity and mixed infections in Ivorian HIV patients: a follow up study","volume":"13","author":"Kassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000265","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Yaound\u00e9 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients exhibited intra-individual genetic diversity and variation in antifungal susceptibility profiles between isolates from the same patient","volume":"65","author":"Kammalac\u00a0Ngouana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080665","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology reveals low genetic diversity among Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from people living with HIV in Lima, Peru, during the pre-HAART era","volume":"9","author":"Van\u00a0de\u00a0Wiele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2006.07.001","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","volume":"20","author":"Chayakulkeeree","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030114","article-title":"Many globally isolated AD hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans originated in Africa","volume":"3","author":"Litvintseva","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20190337","article-title":"The interplay of phenotype and genotype in Cryptococcus neoformans disease","volume":"40","author":"Altamirano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675213","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/675213","article-title":"Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: an atlas of the molecular types","volume":"2013","author":"Cogliati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12863","article-title":"Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from paediatric patients in China","volume":"62","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0193237","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193237","article-title":"Genotypic analysis of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Brazil reveals the presence of VNB isolates and a correlation with biological factors","volume":"13","author":"Andrade-Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005223","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005223","article-title":"MLST-based population genetic analysis in a global context reveals clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI isolates from HIV patients in southeastern Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Ferreira-Paim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy105","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from Laos in a regional and global context","volume":"57","author":"Thanh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004849","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004849","article-title":"Unisexual reproduction drives meiotic recombination and phenotypic and karyotypic plasticity in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLos Genet"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa096","article-title":"Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from the Yangtze River Delta region of East China","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx026","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from the environment in Beijing","volume":"55","author":"Dou","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Med Mycol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1086\/649858","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Perfect","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01747-08","article-title":"Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: 10.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of noncandidal yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole determined by CLSI standardized disk diffusion testing","volume":"47","author":"Pfaller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12747","article-title":"A systematic review of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus species","volume":"61","author":"Bongomin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib58","first-page":"e01179","article-title":"Environmental triazole induces cross-resistance to clinical drugs and affects morphophysiology and virulence of Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans","volume":"62","author":"Bastos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050662","article-title":"Exposure of Cryptococcus neoformans to seven commonly used agricultural azole fungicides induces resistance to fluconazole as well as cross-resistance to voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole and isavuconazole","volume":"12","author":"Drakulovski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2023121417014001100_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02575","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02575-19","article-title":"Fluconazole monotherapy is a suboptimal option for initial treatment of cryptococcal meningitis because of emergence of resistance","volume":"10","author":"Hope","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad119\/53629709\/myad119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/61\/12\/myad119\/54447368\/myad119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/61\/12\/myad119\/54447368\/myad119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1702580616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad119\/7438874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1369-3786"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1460-2709"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"article-number":"myad119"}}