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While well-known examples such as HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 are recognized as risk factors for invasive fungal diseases, the relationship between viruses and fungi remains largely underexplored outside of these cases. Fungi and viruses can engage in symbiotic or synergistic interactions. Remarkably, some viruses, known as mycoviruses, can directly infect fungi, may influencing their phenotype and potentially their virulence. In addition, viruses and fungi can coexist within the human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Under certain conditions, viral infection might predispose the host to an invasive fungal infection, as observed with influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis or COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. We aim in this review to highlight potential connections between fungi and viruses (CMV and other herpesviruses, HTLV-1 and respiratory viruses), excluding SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:36:15Z","timestamp":1710290175000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Revealing the hidden interplay: The unexplored relationship between fungi and viruses beyond HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7784-4434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Th\u00e9o","family":"Ghelfenstein-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis , Paris , France"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology research group, Mycology Department , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Serris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Salmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris , France"},{"name":"INSERM \u00c9quipe INSIGHT, U976, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Lanternier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Alanio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis , Paris , France"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology research group, Mycology Department , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032813462595300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.08.014","article-title":"Risk factors and outcome of pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients\u2014A multinational observational study by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology","volume":"28","author":"Prattes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024032813462595300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06091-6","article-title":"Review of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients and proposal for a case definition: an expert opinion","volume":"46","author":"Verweij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensiv. 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