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This systematic review, aimed at informing the World Health Organization\u2019s Fungal Priority Pathogens List, critically examines literature from 2011 to 2021 using PubMed and Web of Science, focusing on the incidence, mortality, morbidity, antifungal resistance, preventability, and distribution of Histoplasma. We also found a high prevalence (22%\u201344%) in people living with HIV, with mortality rates ranging from 21% to 53%. Despite limited data, the prevalence of histoplasmosis seems stable, with lower estimates in Europe. Complications such as central nervous system disease, pulmonary issues, and lymphoedema due to granuloma or sclerosis are noted, though their burden remains uncertain. Antifungal susceptibility varies, particularly against fluconazole (MIC: \u226532\u00a0mg\/l) and caspofungin (MICs: 4\u201332\u00a0mg\/l), while resistance to amphotericin B (MIC: 0.125\u20130.16\u00a0mg\/l), itraconazole (MICs: 0.004\u20130.125\u00a0mg\/l), and voriconazole (MICs: 0.004\u20130.125\u00a0mg\/l) remains low. This review identifies critical knowledge gaps, underlining the need for robust, globally representative surveillance systems to better understand and combat this fungal threat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T20:11:41Z","timestamp":1719519101000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Histoplasmosis: A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization of a fungal priority pathogens list"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiken","family":"Dao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Clinical School, Westmead Hospital , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah Yejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, New South Wales , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Westmead Hospital , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona L","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Oladele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Rickerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7869-9462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelesh P","family":"Govender\u00a0MMed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service , Johannesburg , South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South 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Family Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia Andrea","family":"Nahrgang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Programme, World Health Organization European Office , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Gigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR Division, World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Beardsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Clinical School, Westmead Hospital , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatim","family":"Sati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR Division, World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Orla","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6703-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Willem","family":"Alffenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead, New South Wales , Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Pharmacy School, 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