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Existing research works on antifungal blue light (ABL) therapy have either focused solely on hyphae or neglected to differentiate between morphologies, obscuring potential differential effects. To address this gap, we established a novel dataset of 150 C. albicans-infected mouse skin tissue slice images with meticulously annotated hyphae and yeast. Eleven representative convolutional neural networks were trained and evaluated on this dataset using seven metrics to identify the optimal model for segmenting hyphae and yeast in original high pixel size images. Leveraging the segmentation results, we analyzed the differential impact of blue light on the invasion depth and density of both morphologies within the skin tissue. U-Net-BN outperformed other models in segmentation accuracy, achieving the best overall performance. While both hyphae and yeast exhibited significant reductions in invasion depth and density at the highest ABL dose (180\u00a0J\/cm2), only yeast was significantly inhibited at the lower dose (135\u00a0J\/cm2). This novel finding emphasizes the importance of developing more effective treatment strategies for both morphologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T03:45:02Z","timestamp":1714448702000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Segmentation of hyphae and yeast in fungi-infected tissue slice images and its application in analyzing antifungal blue light therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2260-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Suzhou 215163 , China"},{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , 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