{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:22:27Z","timestamp":1789428147219,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82002125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202303021221196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202303021221196"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been used for its immunomodulatory properties to enhance therapeutic outcomes and improve cure rates in fungal infections. However, the mechanisms of GM-CSF action in various fungal infections have not been systematically summarized in current literature, and the reliability and broad effectiveness of clinical data remain uncertain. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how GM-CSF supports host defense against infections caused by specific fungal pathogens. These pathogens include yeasts (Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp.), filamentous fungi (Aspergillus spp., Mucorales, dematiaceous fungi), and thermally dimorphic fungi (Histoplasma capsulatum, Talaromyces marneffei, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Blastomyces dermatitidis). These insights underscore the potential of GM-CSF as a promising adjunctive therapy in combating challenging fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaf044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1746577030000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mechanistic insights into granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in combating fungal infections: Diverse fungal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7229-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital , Taiyuan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University Department of Dermatology, , Haikou, Hainan ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"the Fifth People\u2019s Hospital of Hainan Province Department of Dermatology, , Haikou, Hainan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital , Taiyuan ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital , Taiyuan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2025051005264492000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03736-z","article-title":"Mechanisms of fungal dissemination","volume":"78","author":"Strickland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201848054","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of antifungal innate immunity at epithelial barriers: the role of C-type lectin receptors","volume":"50","author":"Borriello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025051005264492000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05397.x","article-title":"The immune response to fungal infections","volume":"129","author":"Shoham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13546","article-title":"Perturbations of immune landscape in COVID-19 associated mucormycosis","volume":"66","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01612","article-title":"Immunomodulation as therapy for fungal infection: are we closer?","volume":"9","author":"Sam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx423","article-title":"Impact of unresolved neutropenia in patients with neutropenia and invasive aspergillosis: a post hoc analysis of the SECURE trial","volume":"73","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.807","article-title":"T lymphocytes adhere to airway smooth muscle cells via integrins and CD44 and induce smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis","volume":"180","author":"Lazaar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7310017","article-title":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025051005264492000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.026","article-title":"GM-CSF: from growth factor to Central mediator of tissue inflammation","volume":"45","author":"Becher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-013-0774-6","article-title":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: not just another haematopoietic growth factor","volume":"31","author":"Francisco-Cruz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.161","article-title":"Targeting GM-CSF in inflammatory diseases","volume":"12","author":"Wicks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-079681","article-title":"Hematopoietic cytokines","volume":"111","author":"Metcalf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025051005264492000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0539-2","article-title":"Inherited CARD9 deficiency: invasive disease caused by ascomycete fungi in previously healthy children and adults","volume":"38","author":"Corvilain","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu215","article-title":"CARD9 deficiency and spontaneous central nervous system candidiasis: complete clinical remission with GM-CSF therapy","volume":"59","author":"Gavino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-016-0255-8","article-title":"Chronic and invasive fungal infections in a family with CARD9 deficiency","volume":"36","author":"Alves\u00a0de\u00a0Medeiros","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051005264492000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.05.025","article-title":"GM-CSF therapy in human caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 deficiency","volume":"142","author":"Drummond","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025051005264492000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0179981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179981","article-title":"Prevalence and correlation of cytokine-specific autoantibodies with epidemiological factors and C-reactive protein in 8,972 healthy individuals: results from the Danish Blood Donor Study","volume":"12","author":"von\u00a0Stemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025051005264492000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9080782","article-title":"Anticytokine autoantibodies and fungal infections","volume":"9","author":"Kappagoda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfab139","article-title":"Immunodeficiency and autoantibodies to cytokines","volume":"7","author":"Knight","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752856","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.752856","article-title":"The role of GM-CSF autoantibodies in infection and autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a concise review","volume":"12","author":"Ataya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025051005264492000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01341-2","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii infection as the major clinical manifestation in patients with autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025051005264492000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac535","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac535","article-title":"Recombinant Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhu GM-CSF) as adjuvant therapy for invasive fungal diseases","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fuaa060","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa060","article-title":"The impact of the fungus-host-microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives","volume":"45","author":"d\u2019Enfert","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"25","key":"2025051005264492000_bib24","first-page":"1924","article-title":"Mechanism of human airway epithelial cell injury induced by Candida albicans infection","volume":"102","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.12.002","article-title":"IL-17 regulates systemic fungal immunity by controlling the functional competence of NK cells","volume":"40","author":"B\u00e4r","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025051005264492000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2020.20.e49","article-title":"CCR5-mediated recruitment of NK cells to the kidney is a critical step for host defense to systemic Candida albicans infection","volume":"20","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1645","article-title":"Loss of coordinated neutrophil responses to the Human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"5","author":"Knooihuizen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025051005264492000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab009","article-title":"Cytokine augmentation reverses transplant recipient neutrophil dysfunction against the Human fungal pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"224","author":"Barros","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025051005264492000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3070","article-title":"Jagunal homolog 1 is a critical regulator of neutrophil function in fungal host defense","volume":"46","author":"Wirnsberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051005264492000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00659.x","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps capture and kill Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms","volume":"8","author":"Urban","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.105","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease","volume":"18","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025051005264492000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4A0118-030RR","article-title":"JAGN1 is required for fungal killing in neutrophil extracellular traps: implications for severe congenital neutropenia","volume":"104","author":"Khandagale","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Leukocyte Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15834-4","article-title":"Neutrophil swarming delays the growth of clusters of pathogenic fungi","volume":"11","author":"Hopke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790309","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.790309","article-title":"GM-CSF programs hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during Candida albicans vaccination for protection against reinfection","volume":"12","author":"Bono","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005293","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005293","article-title":"CARD9-Dependent neutrophil recruitment protects against fungal invasion of the Central nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Drummond","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025051005264492000_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4564","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4564-4571.1997","article-title":"Direct interactions of human natural killer cells with Cryptococcus neoformans inhibit granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha production","volume":"65","author":"Murphy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060595","article-title":"Role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in host defense against pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection during murine allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051005264492000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501512","article-title":"Local GM-CSF-dependent differentiation and activation of pulmonary dendritic cells and macrophages protect against progressive cryptococcal lung infection in mice","volume":"196","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib39","first-page":"447","article-title":"Cryptococcus tetragattii meningitis associated with travel, Taiwan","volume-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025051005264492000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01451-5","article-title":"Anti-GM-CSF neutralizing autoantibodies in Colombian patients with disseminated cryptococcosis","volume":"43","author":"Arango-Franco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881352","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.881352","article-title":"Case report: invasive cryptococcosis in French Guiana: immune and genetic investigation in six Non-HIV patients","volume":"13","author":"Goupil\u00a0de\u00a0Bouill\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab920","article-title":"Neutralizing anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies in patients with Central nervous system and localized cryptococcosis: longitudinal follow-up and literature review","volume":"75","author":"Kuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025051005264492000_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13247","article-title":"Disseminated cryptococcosis and anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies: an underappreciated association","volume":"64","author":"Viola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-016-0364-4","article-title":"Disseminated cryptococcosis due to anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies in the absence of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis","volume":"37","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02103-9","article-title":"Neutralizing GM-CSF autoantibodies in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cryptococcal meningitis and severe nocardiosis","volume":"23","author":"Salvator","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00912","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00912-14","article-title":"Anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies are a risk factor for central nervous system infection by Cryptococcus gattii in otherwise immunocompetent patients","volume":"5","author":"Saijo","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00140","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00140-18","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis in 2019","volume":"33","author":"Latg\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019786","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019786","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus and related species","volume":"5","author":"Sugui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025051005264492000_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060682","article-title":"Characterization of lung inflammatory response to Aspergillus fumigatus spores","volume":"9","author":"Bouyssi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino14.278","article-title":"Common airborne fungi induce species-specific effects on upper airway inflammatory and remodelling responses","volume":"54","author":"Sproson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025051005264492000_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw054","article-title":"Role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling in regulating neutrophil antifungal activity and the oxidative burst during Respiratory fungal challenge","volume":"213","author":"Kasahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00760-07","article-title":"Intranasal granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor reduces the Aspergillus burden in an immunosuppressed murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"52","author":"Quezada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025051005264492000_bib53","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Properties of bcr-abl-transformed mouse 12B1 cells secreting interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF): II. Adverse effects of GM-CSF","volume":"40","author":"Petr\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025051005264492000_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1086\/500948","article-title":"Inhibitor \u03bab and nuclear factor \u03bab in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antagonism of dexamethasone suppression of the macrophage response to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia","volume":"193","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"2025051005264492000_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.54.5034","article-title":"Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis following pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"54","author":"Arai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025051005264492000_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1086\/428503","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augment the activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes against medically important zygomycetes","volume":"191","author":"Gil-Lamaignere","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025051005264492000_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000134314.65398.bf","article-title":"Interferon-gamma and colony-stimulating factors as adjuvant therapy for refractory fungal infections in children","volume":"23","author":"Abzug","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025051005264492000_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00456-09","article-title":"Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B combined with gamma interferon or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for treatment of systemic zygomycosis in mice","volume":"53","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051005264492000_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-543X.2005.00118.x","article-title":"Rhinocerebral mucormycosis complicated by internal carotid artery thrombosis in a pediatric patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Simmons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025051005264492000_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109097734","article-title":"Successful treatment of rhinocerebral zygomycosis using liposomal nystatin","volume":"42","author":"Mileshkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025051005264492000_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e229687","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-229687","article-title":"Surgical-site mucormycosis infection in a solid-organ transplant recipient and a concise review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Haque","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2006.01331.x","article-title":"Dematiaceous fungi","volume":"50","author":"Revankar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.10.009","article-title":"Impaired specific antifungal immunity in CARD9-deficient patients with phaeohyphomycosis","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib64","first-page":"14","article-title":"CARD9 mutations and related immunological research of one case with disseminated phaeohyphomycosis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2025051005264492000_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-016-0029-0","article-title":"Impairment of immune response against dematiaceous fungi in Card9 knockout mice","volume":"181","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2018.08.005","article-title":"Subcutaneous infection with dematiaceous fungi in Card9 knockout mice reveals association of impair neutrophils and Th cell response","volume":"92","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8491383","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8491383","article-title":"Fungal dimorphism and virulence: molecular mechanisms for temperature adaptation, immune evasion, and in vivo survival","volume":"2017","author":"Gauthier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025051005264492000_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00588-4","article-title":"Pulmonary histoplasmosis","volume":"186","author":"Tob\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051005264492000_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.09.006","article-title":"Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor induced Zn sequestration enhances macrophage superoxide and limits intracellular pathogen survival","volume":"39","author":"Subramanian\u00a0Vignesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005122","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00051-22","article-title":"An overlooked and underrated endemic mycosis-talaromycosis and the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01378.x","article-title":"Cytokine-induced fungicidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against Penicillium marneffei","volume":"26","author":"Kudeken","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01158.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of the in vitro fungicidal effects of human neutrophils against Penicillium marneffei induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)","volume":"119","author":"Kudeken","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801711010224","article-title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: current perspectives from Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Mendes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Microbiol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051005264492000_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.09.003","article-title":"Participation of dectin-1 receptor on NETs release against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: role on extracellular killing","volume":"221","author":"Bachiega","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib75","first-page":"1529189","article-title":"Involvement of the Dectin-1 receptor upon the effector mechanisms of Human phagocytic cells against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis","volume":"2019","author":"de\u00a0Quaglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025051005264492000_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.02.011","article-title":"Lung epithelial cells coordinate innate lymphocytes and immunity against pulmonary fungal infection","volume":"23","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.02.001","article-title":"Fungal mimicry of a mammalian aminopeptidase disables innate immunity and promotes pathogenicity","volume":"19","author":"Sterkel\u00a0Alana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025051005264492000_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1310\/LF5T-WYY7-0U3E-G8BQ","article-title":"Use of sargramostim (rh-GM-CSF) as adjunctive treatment of fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with AIDS: a pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Vazquez","year":"2000","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025051005264492000_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000342121","article-title":"Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in 66 patients with myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with invasive fungal disease","volume":"129","author":"Safdar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib80","first-page":"342","article-title":"The role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in anti-Candida albicans infection","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Central China Med J"},{"key":"2025051005264492000_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108292","article-title":"Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor expressed in yeast (sargramostim): a potential ally to combat serious infections","volume":"210","author":"Damiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025051005264492000_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019794","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019794","article-title":"Thermally dimorphic Human fungal pathogens\u2013polyphyletic pathogens with a convergent pathogenicity trait","volume":"5","author":"Sil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myaf044\/63071220\/myaf044.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/63\/5\/myaf044\/63071220\/myaf044.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/63\/5\/myaf044\/63071220\/myaf044.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T09:27:02Z","timestamp":1746869222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myaf044\/8126026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myaf044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-3786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"article-number":"myaf044"}}