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Through flow cytometry, we observed that long-term dexamethasone treatment reproducibly reduced the frequency and cell numbers of CD4 T cells in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in both Japanese (Macaca fuscata) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), reflective of a state of chronic immunosuppression. This was accompanied by a reduction in the frequency and cell number of CD20\u00a0+\u00a0B cells and the absence of antibody responses against the protective Pneumocystis antigen KEX1 in the peripheral blood. Pneumocystis-specific polymerase chain reaction and histologic evidence of Pneumocystis infection in serial BAL samples demonstrated that dexamethasone induced immunosuppression rendered both Japanese and rhesus macaques susceptible to persistent Pneumocystis colonization and subsequent infection. Moreover, disease progression was associated with increased neutrophil infiltration in the lung. Insight gained from this model will aid the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies in a highly relevant model of Pneumocystis infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaf083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T11:39:37Z","timestamp":1757763577000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experimental\n                    <i>Pneumocystis<\/i>\n                    infection in dexamethasone immunosuppressed macaques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2602-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney","family":"Rabacal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, , Athens, Georgia 30602 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, , Athens, Georgia 30602 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Khalife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, , Tripoli 11-5020 ,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research Animal Resources, Office of Research, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, , Athens, Georgia 30602 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026072401365602300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1086\/591701","article-title":"Relationship of Pneumocystis antibody response to severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"47","author":"Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072401365602300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.09.018","article-title":"Lower airway microbiota and mycobiota in children with severe asthma","volume":"141","author":"Goldman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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