{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T22:47:14Z","timestamp":1770158834673,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["K23-AI177939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-AI177939"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01-AI143453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI143453"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neutralizing anti-cytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) have been associated with cryptococcal meningitis (CM), but the influence of HIV co-infection remains undefined. We investigated plasma ACAA profiles and function in a cross-sectional Vietnamese cohort stratified by HIV and CM status (n\u00a0=\u00a020 per group). We quantified plasma ACAAs against interferons (IFNs), interleukins (ILs), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using a particle-based assay, and assessed their neutralizing activity in high-titer samples. Associations between ACAA levels and CM were analyzed using Firth-penalized logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and CD4 count (in HIV-positive models). In HIV-negative individuals, higher anti-GM-CSF levels were associated with CM (odds ratio [OR] per log-unit increase, 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07\u20133.18). This association was predominantly observed in Cryptococcus gattii cases and was accompanied by functional neutralizing activity. Furthermore, adding pre-specified plasma IgG2 improved overall model fit and showed a strong inverse association with CM (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.003\u20130.29). Conversely, HIV-positive CM cases had lower overall ACAA levels than non-CM controls. After adjusting for hypogammaglobulinemia\/IgG1, significant inverse associations persisted for anti\u2013IL-10, anti\u2013IL-12, anti\u2013IL-15, and anti\u2013IL-22 with CM status. Type I IFN-binding ACAAs were largely non-neutralizing. These findings reveal distinct pathogenic mechanisms. In HIV-negative CM, neutralizing anti-GM-CSF antibodies, often in C. gattii infection, and low IgG2 were independently associated with disease. In HIV-positive CM, ACAA reductions without cytokine neutralization may reflect underlying antibody and\/or B-cell deficiency. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the clinical implications of ACCAs, particularly in HIV-negative CM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myag006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T13:00:20Z","timestamp":1769086820000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in cryptococcal meningitis differ by HIV status: A cross-sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunah","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Bronx, NY 10461 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalie J","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology , NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Nakouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Bronx, NY 10461 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Department of Microbiology and Immunology, , Bronx, NY 10461 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Devon and Exeter University Hospital NHS Trust Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, , Exeter EX1 9ZW ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Abers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Bronx, NY 10461 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology , NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey B","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology , NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liise-anne","family":"Pirofski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, , Bronx, NY 10461 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Department of Microbiology and Immunology, , Bronx, 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