{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:12:53Z","timestamp":1777975973487,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis frequently causes otitis externa and dermatitis in dogs and cats. This often requires prolonged antifungal therapy, raising concerns about reduced susceptibility. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) for Malassezia spp. remains challenging because many protocols require complex lipid supplementation and are difficult to implement in routine veterinary settings. Here, we compared three culture media for AFST of M. pachydermatis: (i) a complex, lipid-enriched RPMI formulation (RPMI1); (ii) a simplified RPMI formulation supplemented with Tween 40 and Tween 80 (RPMI2); and (iii) a Sabouraud dextrose medium supplemented with Tween 80 (SD). Forty-nine canine clinical isolates were tested against ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and terbinafine using a colorimetric broth microdilution approach and a gradient diffusion method on solid media (EzyMIC\u00ae). RPMI1 broth was unstable after freezing, resulting in weak or ambiguous resazurin readings and frequent data exclusions, and the solid formulation of RPMI1 was unsuitable for reliable gradient diffusion interpretation. By contrast, RPMI2 medium provided consistent minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations for azoles in both solid and liquid media, with comparable MIC values. Conversely, terbinafine MICs were frequently elevated in RPMI-based liquid media, often exceeding the upper testing range, whereas lower and more readily interpretable MIC values were obtained on SD agar, suggesting medium-dependent effects on terbinafine assessment. The results obtained with SD media on azoles were more heterogeneous. Overall, RPMI2 offered a practical and reproducible option for azole susceptibility testing of M. pachydermatis, while terbinafine results may require cautious interpretation depending on the testing medium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myag036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:35:06Z","timestamp":1776339306000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of three culture media for testing susceptibility of\n                    <i>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/i>\n                    to four antifungal agents by a microdilution method and gradient diffusion strips"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIOEPAR, INRAE , Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"IRF, SFR ICAT, Univ Angers , Univ Brest 49933, Angers ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Dermatology-Parasitology-Mycology department, Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRF, SFR ICAT, Univ Angers , Univ Brest 49933, Angers ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agathe","family":"Cailleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIOEPAR, INRAE , Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIOEPAR, INRAE , Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Brisseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIOEPAR, INRAE , Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Leh\u00e9bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIOEPAR, INRAE , Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faraj","family":"Fajloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRF, SFR ICAT, Univ Angers , Univ Brest 49933, Angers ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Guillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRF, SFR ICAT, Univ Angers , Univ Brest 49933, Angers ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Dermatology-Parasitology-Mycology department, Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Rostang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIOEPAR, INRAE , Oniris VetAgroBio 44300, Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12809","article-title":"Biology, diagnosis and treatment of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology","volume":"31","author":"Bond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070708","article-title":"Malassezia: Zoonotic implications, parallels and differences in colonization and disease in humans and animals","volume":"8","author":"Hobi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.1243","article-title":"Effects of beta-thujaplicin on anti-Malassezia pachydermatis remedy for canine otitis externa","volume":"67","author":"Nakano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.04.013","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis against azoles","volume":"152","author":"Jesus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy035","article-title":"Multi-azole-resistant strain of Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a canine Malassezia dermatitis","volume":"57","author":"Kano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9760-1","article-title":"In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis strains isolated from dogs with chronic and acute otitis externa","volume":"178","author":"Chiavassa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0481","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis isolates from canine skin with atopic dermatitis to ketoconazole and itraconazole in East Asia","volume":"76","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2018.12.004","article-title":"Azole resistance of Malassezia pachydermatis causing treatment failure in a dog","volume":"23","author":"Angileri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"myae053","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae053","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of azole-resistant Malassezia pachydermatis isolates from canine otitis and dermatitis: A 2-year study","volume":"62","author":"\u00c1lvarez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2824-2829.2005","article-title":"Antifungal activities of tacrolimus and azole agents against the eleven currently accepted Malassezia species","volume":"43","author":"Sugita","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.684153","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis susceptibility to azole compounds using E-test and CLSI microdilution methods","volume":"50","author":"Cafarchia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Mycol."},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myv049","article-title":"Azole susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis and Malassezia furfur and tentative epidemiological cut-off values","volume":"53","author":"Cafarchia","year":"2015","journal-title":"MedMycol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3030037","article-title":"Methodological issues in antifungal susceptibility testing of Malassezia pachydermatis","volume":"3","author":"Peano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01025","article-title":"Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to clotrimazole, miconazole and thiabendazole using a modified CLSI M27-A3 microdilution method","volume":"23","author":"Peano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2008.07.004","article-title":"Subculture on potato dextrose agar as a complement to the broth microdilution assay for Malassezia pachydermatis","volume":"75","author":"Prado","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods."},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.9.3429-3431.2006","article-title":"A modified Christensen\u2019s urea and CLSI broth microdilution method for testing susceptibilities of six Malassezia species","volume":"44","author":"Rincon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.7.2342-2344.2003","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of Malassezia species to a new triazole, albaconazole, and other antifungal compounds","volume":"47","author":"Garau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.10.019","article-title":"An azole-resistant isolate of Malassezia pachydermatis","volume":"149","author":"Nijima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00338-17","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility testing of Malassezia spp. with an optimized colorimetric broth microdilution method","volume":"55","author":"Leong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026050505270684400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026050505270684400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib22","author":"Lenth","year":"2018","journal-title":"emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, Aka Least-Squares Means"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3589-3593.2004","article-title":"Use of fatty acid RPMI 1640 media for susceptibility testing of Malassezia species","volume":"42","author":"Velegraki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026050505270684400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822003000400015","article-title":"Evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis antifungal susceptibility using two different methods","volume":"34","author":"Nascente","year":"2003","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myag036\/68106621\/myag036.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/64\/5\/myag036\/68106621\/myag036.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/64\/5\/myag036\/68106621\/myag036.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:27:15Z","timestamp":1777973235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myag036\/8658262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myag036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-3786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"article-number":"myag036"}}