{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:35:13Z","timestamp":1791851713405,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T23:13:08Z","timestamp":1499382788000},"page":"145-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Epidemiology of human dermatophytoses in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Oumar","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralie","family":"L\u2019Ollivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Piarroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Ranque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1934.01460150003001","article-title":"Dermatophytes: natural grouping based on the form of the spores and accessory organs","volume":"30","year":"1934","journal-title":"Arch Derm Syphilol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections","volume":"28","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-007-9038-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in a rural community in Eastern Nigeria and review of literature from Africa","volume":"164","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4380","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4380","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of tinea","volume":"345","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01385.x","article-title":"Dermatophytoses in cats and humans in central Italy: epidemiological aspects","volume":"50","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-008-9100-9","article-title":"Updates on the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections","volume":"166","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2013.12.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of tinea capitis among school-age children in Meiganga, Cameroon","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-010-9312-7","article-title":"Favus of the scalp: an overview and update","volume":"170","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib9","first-page":"101","article-title":"Distribution of dermatophytes causing tinea capitis in Africa","volume":"26","year":"1974","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib10","first-page":"703","article-title":"Geographic distribution of dermatophytes in Africa","volume":"44","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Belg M\u00e9decine Trop Parasitol Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2013.08.015","article-title":"Comparison of real-time PCR with conventional methods to detect dermatophytes in samples from patients with suspected dermatophytosis","volume":"95","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib12","first-page":"38","article-title":"Dermatophytosis in oupatients attending the Marchoux Institute in Bamako, Mali","volume":"11","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib13","first-page":"143","article-title":"Epidemiology of tinea capitis in school circle in Bamako","volume":"11","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib14","first-page":"144","article-title":"Skin diseases disclosing human immunodeficiency virus infection in Mali","volume":"124","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib15","first-page":"111","article-title":"Tinea capitis in the school community in Mali","volume":"9","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib16","first-page":"68","article-title":"Dermatomycoses in rural and peri-urban schoolchildren in Mali","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004675","article-title":"Dermatophytosis among schoolchildren in three eco-climatic zones of Mali","volume":"10","year":"2016 28","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12272","article-title":"High dermatophyte contamination levels in hairdressing salons of a West African suburban community","volume":"58","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib19","first-page":"20","article-title":"Overview of dermatophytes in Mali","volume":"72","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Pathol Exot Ses Fil."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05733.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in schoolchildren in southern Ivory Coast","volume":"52","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib21","first-page":"204","article-title":"Tinea capitis in schoolchildren from lvory Coast (western Africa)","volume":"41","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib22","first-page":"171","article-title":"Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Abidjan, Cote d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"64","year":"2004","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Trop Rev Corps Sant\u00e9 Colon"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib23","first-page":"25","article-title":"Adult tinea capitis in Senegal","volume":"12","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib24","first-page":"57","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic diseases and tinea of the scalp in Dakar school population: influence of environmental factors on the infestation level","volume":"39","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dakar M\u00e9d"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib25","first-page":"24","article-title":"Tinea in Senegal: an epidemiologic study","volume":"1","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib26","first-page":"299","article-title":"Epidemiology of tinea of the scalp in Togo","volume":"81","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Pathol Exot Ses Fil"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib27","first-page":"32","article-title":"Tinea capitis in department of dermatology and venerology in the university hospital of Donka at Conakry, Guinea","volume":"99","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Pathol Exot"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05016.x","article-title":"Skin infections and infestations in prison inmates","volume":"51","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05509.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis in Cameroon: a clinical and epidemiological study among dermatological patients","volume":"51","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2010.03.003","article-title":"Les teignes du cuir chevelu \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital militaire d\u2019instruction Mohamed V (Maroc)","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib31","first-page":"639","article-title":"Onychomycosis in Morocco: experience of the parasitology and medical mycology laboratory from Rabat children hospital (1982\u20132003)","volume":"63","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-004-3141-5","article-title":"Clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytosis in a reference centre for leprosy and dermatological diseases in Addis Ababa","volume":"161","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01081.x","article-title":"Prevalence of tinea capitis in Ethiopian schoolchildren","volume":"48","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1992.tb00896.x","article-title":"Dermatomycoses among industrial workers in Cross River State, Nigeria","volume":"35","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib35","first-page":"60","article-title":"A clinicomycological study of fungal foot infections among Algerian military personnel","volume":"32","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview of dermatophyte infections at the dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary institution in Nigeria","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Niger Q J Hosp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.79235","article-title":"Prevalence of dermatophytosis among primary school children in Oke-Oyi community of Kwara state","volume":"14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib38","first-page":"267","article-title":"Superficial fungal infections seen at a tertiary health centre: clinical and mycological studies","volume":"29","year":"2010","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib39","first-page":"44","article-title":"Dermatophytoses among school children in Aba, Abia State\u2013Nigeria and some physiological studies on the isolated etiologic agents","volume":"30","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib40","first-page":"101","article-title":"Prevalence of dermatomycoses in tertiary health institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Public Health Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(77)90108-0","article-title":"Dermatophytosis survey in Lagos State of Nigeria","volume":"71","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.39.2.181.184","article-title":"Etiology of dermatophytoses amongst children in northeastern Nigeria","volume":"39","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2010.649.656","article-title":"Dermatophytosis in Western Africa: a review","volume":"13","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci PJBS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib44","first-page":"107","article-title":"Burden of serious fungal infection in Nigeria","volume":"33","year":"2014","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib45","first-page":"83","article-title":"Prevalence of dermatophytosis in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria: any change in pattern?","volume":"8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib46","first-page":"120","article-title":"Tinea capitis in Awka local government area of Anambra State","volume":"9","year":"1990","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01476.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis among primary school children in some parts of central Nigeria","volume":"51","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04296.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in adults in Tunisia","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib49","first-page":"91","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological patterns of tinea capitis in the center of Tunisia","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib50","first-page":"520","article-title":"Epidemiological and etiological study of foot mycosis in Tunisia","volume":"103","year":"2012","journal-title":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2004.03.004","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical aspects of superficial mycosis in hospitalized diabetic patients in Tunisia","volume":"34","year":"2004","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Mal Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib52","first-page":"354","article-title":"Tinea capitis in the University Hospital of Constantine (Algeria)","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-005-0124-0","article-title":"Prevalence of dermatophytic fungal infections in children: a recent study in Anambra state, Nigeria","volume":"160","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2006.01279.x","article-title":"Prevalence of dermatophytosis in junior secondary schoolchildren in Ogun State, Nigeria","volume":"49","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib55","first-page":"246","article-title":"Fungi causing dermatophytosis in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"67","year":"1990","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib56","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of ringworm infections in primary school children in parts of Eastern Nigeria","volume":"9","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Sci Environ Manag"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1989.tb02266.x","article-title":"Dermatophyte fungi in the Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria and the changing phase of dermatophytosis in Nigeria","volume":"32","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01408.x","article-title":"Fungal skin infections among prison inmates in Abakaliki, Nigeria","volume":"51","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05822.x","article-title":"Skin diseases among schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon, and Rwanda","volume":"52","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07130.x","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic tinea capitis and associated causative organisms in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana","volume":"154","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01506.x","article-title":"Childhood dermatomycoses study in Sfax Hospital, Tunisia","volume":"51","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib62","first-page":"557","article-title":"Mycological and epidemiological aspects of tinea capitis in the Sousse region of Tunisia","volume":"138","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01651.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in Sfax, Tunisia","volume":"52","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib64","first-page":"334","article-title":"Presence of dermatophytes on the nails of tinea capitis patients: prospective study in the area of Sfax (Tunisia)","volume":"46","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib65","first-page":"486","article-title":"Scalp ringworm tinea capitis in Tunisian infants","volume":"41","year":"2011","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Mal Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib66","first-page":"188","article-title":"Prevalence of superficial mycoses in an urban ecosystem in Sfax (Tunisia)","volume":"86","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Pathol Exot 1990"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib67","first-page":"733","article-title":"Onychomycosis in Tunis area: epidemiological and mycological data","volume":"128","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib68","first-page":"16","article-title":"Letter: Tinea capitis in infants in their first 2 years of life: a 12-year study and a review of the literature","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2012.02219.x","article-title":"Inflammatory tinea capitis: a 12-year study and a review of the literature","volume":"56","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of tinea capitis in outpatients at the Children's Hospital in Rabat (Morocco)","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib71","first-page":"231","article-title":"Dermatophytoses found at the Pasteur Institute of Tunis","volume":"55","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2006.01230.x","article-title":"Epidemiological and aetiological study on tinea pedis and onychomycosis in Algeria","volume":"49","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib73","first-page":"104","article-title":"Dermatophytes in Northwest of Algeria: a prospective study","volume":"2","year":"2007","journal-title":"Middle-East J Sci Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3314\/mmj.54.123","article-title":"Public health significance of dermatophytes in Ismailia and Port Said Provinces, Egypt","volume":"54","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-008-9165-5","article-title":"Dermatophyte infections in Cairo, Egypt","volume":"167","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib76","first-page":"77","article-title":"A multicenter clinicomycological study evaluating the spectrum of adult tinea capitis in Egypt","volume":"22","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800067042","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of the fungal skin flora among the elderly in Alexandria","volume":"99","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib78","first-page":"961","article-title":"Ringworm of the scalp in primary-school children in Alexandria: infection and carriage","volume":"6","year":"2000","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J Rev Sant\u00e9 M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Orient Al-Majallah Al-\u1e62i\u1e25\u1e25\u012byah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassi\u1e6d"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2001.193","article-title":"Dermatophytes and other fungi associated with skin mycoses in Tripoli, Libya","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00961.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in Benghazi, Libya","volume":"39","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib81","first-page":"59","article-title":"A school survey of tinea capitis in Benghazi, Libya","volume":"82","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177985380261","article-title":"A study of tinea capitis in Libya (Benghazi)","volume":"17","year":"1979","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00171.x","article-title":"Dermatophytomycoses in children in rural Kenya: the impact of primary health care","volume":"40","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib84","first-page":"59","article-title":"Dermatophyte infections in primary school children in Kibera slums of Nairobi","volume":"86","year":"2009","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-765","article-title":"The spectrum of dermatological disorders among primary school children in Dar es Salaam","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib86","first-page":"531","article-title":"Aetiology of tinea capitis in school children","volume":"78","year":"2001","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780410001711981","article-title":"Dermatophytosis in Tulugudu Island, Ethiopia","volume":"43","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_311.x","article-title":"White variants of Trichophyton violaceum isolated in Ethiopia","volume":"113","year":"2005","journal-title":"APMIS Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00236.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in southwestern Ethiopia: a study of risk factors for infection and carriage","volume":"36","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01923.x","article-title":"Prevalence and causative fungal species of tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Gabon","volume":"54","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib91","first-page":"115","article-title":"Tinea capitis in schoolchildren in Libreville, Gabon","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00924.x","article-title":"Superficial mycoses and HIV infection in Yaounde","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib93","first-page":"395","article-title":"Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Bangui (Central African Republic)","volume":"85","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Pathol Exot 1990"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib94","first-page":"269","article-title":"A contribution to the study of tinea capitis in Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"66","year":"1989","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib95","first-page":"419","article-title":"A survey of tinea capitis in primary school children in Harare, Zimbabwe","volume":"93","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0736-8046.2004.21404.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa","volume":"21","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2006.01290.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis among rural school children of the district of Magude, in Maputo province, Mozambique","volume":"49","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1944","article-title":"Outbreak of tinea capitis and corporis in a primary school in Antananarivo, Madagascar","volume":"5","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib99","first-page":"37","article-title":"Tinea capitis in Botswana","volume":"6","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib100","first-page":"575","article-title":"Ringworm of the scalp in children","volume":"71","year":"1987","journal-title":"South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib101","first-page":"705","article-title":"Scalp ringworm among Black children in South Africa and the occurrence of Trichophyton yaoundei","volume":"50","year":"1976","journal-title":"South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00141.x","article-title":"The spectrum of dermatophytes in northern Malawi (Africa)","volume":"39","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00550.x","article-title":"Tinea pedis et unguium in the Muslim community of Durban, South Africa","volume":"37","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib104","first-page":"587","article-title":"Superficial fungal infections in the Transvaal: a contemporary analysis of dermatophytoses in this region","volume":"73","year":"1988","journal-title":"South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib105","first-page":"22","article-title":"Tinea capitis in Madagascar: a survey in a primary school in Antsirabe","volume":"133","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib106","first-page":"261","article-title":"Tinea capitis etiology in Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat (Morocco)","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02081.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of skin adherence and invasion by dermatophytes","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib108","first-page":"192","article-title":"Adhesion mechanisms in fungi involved in superficial mycoses","volume":"151","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann M\u00e9d V\u00e9t"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2003.09.008","article-title":"The pathogenesis of dermatophyte infections in human skin sections","volume":"48","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00417.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in adults","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12245","article-title":"Mycology\u2014an update. Part 1: Dermatomycoses: causative agents, epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges J Ger Soc Dermatol JDDG"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05161.x","article-title":"Skin diseases associated with the cosmetic use of bleaching products in women from Dakar, Senegal","volume":"148","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01025.x","article-title":"Dermatophytes in the rural area of Duzce, Turkey","volume":"47","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-012-9549-4","article-title":"Dermatophytes isolated from the mosques in Tokat, Turkey","volume":"174","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002564","article-title":"A foot in the door for dermatophyte research","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12431","article-title":"Dermatophytes and transmission risks to family: a retrospective study of a cohort of 256 adopted children from 1998 to 2012","volume":"32","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib117","first-page":"54","article-title":"Dynamics of Microsporum canis and Trichopyton violaceum tinea capitis in Tunis","volume":"17","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mycol M\u00e9dicale J Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib118","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparative study of different microscopic techniques and culture media for the isolation of dermatophytes","volume":"21","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.2.240","article-title":"The dermatophytes","volume":"8","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib120","first-page":"15","article-title":"On Trichophyton soudanense, sp. nov. Comptes Rendus des Sc\u00e9ances de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Biologie et de ses Filiales","volume":"73","year":"1912"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00400.x","article-title":"Tinea pedis in European marathon runners","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.10.1248","article-title":"Prevalence of common skin diseases and their associated factors among military personnel in Korea: a cross-sectional study","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00056.x","article-title":"Trichophyton soudanense in Italy","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib124","first-page":"171","article-title":"Tinea capitis in Creteil: trends over ten years","volume":"125","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00161.x","article-title":"Tinea superficialis capitis due to Trichophyton soudanense in African immigrants","volume":"39","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780310001644725","article-title":"Increasing tinea capitis prevalence in Stockholm reflects immigration","volume":"42","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00416.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in the Florence area between 1985 and 1993","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2001.00532.x","article-title":"Tinea due to Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Hamilton, New Zealand","volume":"42","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1997.tb01127.x","article-title":"Tinea due to Trichophyton violaceum in Victoria, Australia","volume":"38","year":"1997","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1982.tb02751.x","article-title":"Dermatophyte carriers among school children","volume":"25","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mykosen"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180124105140_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3329-3336.2000","article-title":"Molecular taxonomy of the Trichophyton rubrum complex","volume":"38","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/56\/2\/145\/23631982\/myx048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T04:50:20Z","timestamp":1719291020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/56\/2\/145\/4055890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myx048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-3786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]]}}}