{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:36:47Z","timestamp":1770154607972,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T20:13:28Z","timestamp":1512418408000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cryptococcosis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): pathogenesis and treatment in the context of two atypical cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Laura J","family":"Schmertmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Stalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noah's Ark Veterinary Services, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noah's Ark Veterinary Services, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, B14, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Makara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark B","family":"Krockenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, B14, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006"},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00357","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00357-16","article-title":"The case for adopting the \u201cspecies complex\u201d nomenclature for the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis","volume":"2","author":"Kwon-Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2015.02.009","article-title":"Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii\/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"78","author":"Hagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/369378031000137242","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): a review of 43 cases of cryptococcosis","volume":"41","author":"Krockenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.3.263.272","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): colonization by C. n. var. gattii and investigation of environmental sources","volume":"40","author":"Krockenberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.3.273.282","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): serological evidence for subclinical cryptococcosis","volume":"40","author":"Krockenberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-280X.1999.00236.x","article-title":"Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).","volume":"37","author":"Connolly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1071\/MA05069","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in Australian wildlife","volume":"26","author":"Krockenberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology Australia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00126-13","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii infections","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12476","article-title":"Cryptococcal osteomyelitis: a report of 5 cases and a review of the recent literature","volume":"59","author":"Medaris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib10","first-page":"273","article-title":"Granulomatous osteomyelitis in a dog","volume":"34","author":"Sennazli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0042R1.1","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii osteomyelitis and compounded itraconazole treatment failure in a Pesquet's parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus)","volume":"45","author":"Molter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.8.1079","article-title":"Pathology in practice. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a dog","volume":"242","author":"Cazzini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib13","first-page":"45","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis in a dog","volume":"21","author":"Viglietti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Veterinaria"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.00060.x","article-title":"Disseminated cryptococcosis including osteomyelitis in a horse","volume":"85","author":"Lenard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780310001624547","article-title":"Retrospective study of feline and canine cryptococcosis in Australia from 1981 to 2001: 195 cases","volume":"42","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01066.x","article-title":"Cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a dog","volume":"33","author":"Brearley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.03.015","article-title":"Concurrent infection with Cryptococcus neoformans\/gattii species complex and Mycobacterium avium affecting the subcutis and bone of a pelvic limb in a cat","volume":"13","author":"Graham","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.6.745","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Cryptococcal patellar osteomyelitis","volume":"242","author":"Agut","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0266R.1","article-title":"Nasal mass removal in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).","volume":"43","author":"Bercier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0045R.1","article-title":"Preshipment testing success: resolution of a nasal sinus granuloma in a captive koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) caused by Cryptococcus gattii","volume":"43","author":"Wynne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0089.1","article-title":"Atypical presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): a magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography study","volume":"48","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Nevado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib22","article-title":"Cryptic nasal disease revealed","author":"Woods","year":"1997","journal-title":"Veterinarian"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.594967","article-title":"Long-term surveillance and treatment of subclinical cryptococcosis and nasal colonization by Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complex in captive koalas (Phascolarctes cinereus)","volume":"50","author":"Kido","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1997.tb14377.x","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis","volume":"75","author":"Malik","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12285","article-title":"Some pharmacokinetic indices of oral fluconazole administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) infected with cryptococcosis","volume":"39","author":"Govendir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020246","article-title":"Molecular typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11547","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304704110","article-title":"An exogenous retrovirus isolated from koalas with malignant neoplasias in a US zoo","volume":"110","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1989.tb09717.x","article-title":"Haematological and biochemical reference values for the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).","volume":"66","author":"Canfield","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.17221\/4440-VETMED","article-title":"Atypical sphenoid bone osteomyelitis in a maltanese dog caused by cryptococcosis: a case report","volume":"56","author":"Kwiatkowska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Med. (Praha)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219580000601","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 20 consecutive cases","volume":"33","author":"Malik","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219280000181","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in cats: clinical and mycological assessment of 29 cases and evaluation of treatment using orally administered fluconazole","volume":"30","author":"Malik","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.41.2.115.124","article-title":"Avian cryptococcosis","volume":"41","author":"Malik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib33","first-page":"227","article-title":"Koalas","volume-title":"Medicine of Australian Mammals","author":"Blanshard","year":"2008"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2012.00964.x","article-title":"Prevalence of koala retrovirus in geographically diverse populations in Australia.","volume":"90","author":"Simmons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163780","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163780","article-title":"Altered immune cytokine expression associated with KoRV B infection and season in captive koalas","volume":"11","author":"Maher","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib36","first-page":"7","article-title":"Infection with koala retrovirus subgroup B (KoRV-B), but not KoRV-A, is associated with chlamydial disease in free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).","author":"Waugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816858.ch36","article-title":"Veterinary insights into cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii","volume-title":"Cryptococcus: From Human Pathogen to Model Yeast","author":"Malik","year":"2011"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219280000541","article-title":"Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus tereticornis","volume":"30","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.7.1642-1644.1990","article-title":"Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii","volume":"28","author":"Ellis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib40","volume-title":"The Koala: A Natural History","author":"Lee","year":"1988"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49541","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049541","article-title":"Clinical utility of the cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay in a diagnostic mycology laboratory","volume":"7","author":"McMullan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00732-12","article-title":"Serotype sensitivity of a lateral flow immunoassay for cryptococcal antigen","volume":"20","author":"Gates-Hollingsworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.130906","article-title":"Multisite validation of cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay and quantification by laser thermal contrast","volume":"20","author":"Boulware","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir379","article-title":"Evaluation of a newly developed lateral flow immunoassay for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis","volume":"53","author":"Lindsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2002.tb11343.x","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in ferrets: a diverse spectrum of clinical disease","volume":"80","author":"Malik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.00040.x","article-title":"Long-term outcome of therapy for 59 cats and 11 dogs with cryptococcosis","volume":"84","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12072","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).","volume":"37","author":"Black","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12407","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) after intravenous and oral administration","volume":"40","author":"Gharibi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb10003.x","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy of canine and feline cryptococcosis using subcutaneously administered amphotericin B.","volume":"73","author":"Malik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180224120040_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0633.x","article-title":"Clinical signs, imaging features, neuropathology, and outcome in cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis from California.","volume":"24","author":"Sykes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myx146\/24166894\/myx146.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T18:59:09Z","timestamp":1603479549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/mmy\/myx146\/4909415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myx146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-3786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]]}}}