{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:00:59Z","timestamp":1776214859958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Paulo2013\/19213-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Paulo2013\/19213-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here we investigated the importance of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in innate immune response to Sporothrix brasiliensis, a virulent fungus of Sporothrix spp. In vitro assays, using C57Bl\/6 (wild type [WT]) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and TLR-4 knockout (TLR-4\u2212\/\u2212) showed that the absence of TLR-4 resulted in impaired phagocytosis and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-6, and nitric oxide. In vivo assays were also performed, and the mice (WT and TLR-4\u2212\/\u2212) were intraperitoneally infected with S. brasiliensis yeast ATCC MyA-4831 and euthanized on days 7, 14, and 28 postinfection, with the following parameters evaluated: fungal burden in liver, spleen, kidney, and brain, and the production of cytokines interferon \u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), TNF-\u03b1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. The results demonstrate the macrophages dependency on TLR-4 for inflammatory activation and in the absence of TLR-4 during experimental S. brasiliensis infection enhanced dissemination occurred after 14 and 28 days. These data show that TLR-4 signals are important for the recognition of S. brasiliensis by macrophages, and their absence promotes the persistence of the infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T15:23:17Z","timestamp":1530112997000},"page":"489-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The importance of Toll-like receptor 4 during experimental\n                    <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis<\/i>\n                    infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Luana","family":"Rossato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suelen Silvana dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro Rog\u00e9rio","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420081525400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00808-07","article-title":"Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana: three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest","volume":"45","author":"Marimon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin. 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