{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:49:59Z","timestamp":1790725799283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study aims to compare between the types of yeasts that cause vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in women using corticosteroid medication compared to nonusers and estimate their sensitivity to available commercial antifungal agents. In a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, we recruited 41 chronic corticosteroid users diagnosed clinically to have VVC from Women's Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt. Forty-seven age-matched women with VVC were recruited as a control group. Full history and clinical examination were performed. Vaginal sterile swab obtained from the vagina of each participant was subjected to direct Gram-stained smear examination as well as a culture on Sabouraud's glucose agar and HiCrome Candida agar. Further identification of the isolates was done using traditional methods. Fifty out of 88 samples (56.8%) were positive in culture including 25 samples (61%) from corticosteroid users group and 25 (53.2%) from noncorticosteroid users with no statistically significant difference (P = .302). The chronic corticosteroid users had more incidence of recurrent VVC as compared to nonusers (65.9%\u00a0vs 40.4%, respectively) (P = .015). There was a significantly higher rate of non-Candida albicans (NCA) infections in corticosteroid users compared with nonusers (48%\u00a0vs 20%, respectively) (P = .036). A higher significant difference in resistance of the isolates against clotrimazole (P = .003) and ketoconazole (P = .017) was demonstrated in corticosteroid users compared to nonusers. Thus, chronic corticosteroid use causes frequent attacks of VVC and increases the frequency of infection by NCA strains. Also, it increases resistance to common antifungal agents especially azole group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T20:12:07Z","timestamp":1541448727000},"page":"681-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Types of yeasts that cause vulvovaginal candidiasis in chronic users of corticosteroids"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Mohammed A","family":"Farhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen"},{"name":"Assiut University Mycological Centre (AUMC), Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M","family":"Moharram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assiut University Mycological Centre (AUMC), Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tareq","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar M","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019072120000725300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3684","article-title":"The mycobiota: interactions between commensal fungi and the host immune system","volume":"14","author":"Underhill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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