{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:56:58Z","timestamp":1791316618040,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early diagnosis, efficient clinical support, and proper antifungal therapy are essential to reduce death and sequels caused by cryptococcosis. The emergence of resistance to the antifungal drugs commonly used for cryptococcosis treatment is an important issue of concern. Thus, the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical strains from northern Brazil, including C. neoformans VNI (n = 62) and C. gattii VGII (n = 37), to amphotericin B (AMB), 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole was evaluated using the Etest and Vitek 2 systems and the standardized broth microdilution (CLSI-BMD) methodology. According to the CLSI-BMD, the most active in vitro azole was voriconazole (C. neoformans VNI modal MIC of 0.06 \u03bcg\/ml and C. gattii VGII modal MIC of 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml), and fluconazole was the least active (modal MIC of 4 \u03bcg\/ml for both fungi). Modal MICs for amphotericin B were 1 \u03bcg\/ml for both fungi. In general, good essential agreement (EA) values were observed between the methods. However, AMB presented the lowest EA between CLSI-BMD and Etest for C. neoformans VNI and C. gattii VGII (1.6% and 2.56%, respectively, P &lt; .05 for both). Considering the proposed Cryptococcus spp. epidemiological cutoff values, more than 97% of the studied isolates were categorized as wild-type for the azoles. However, the high frequency of C. neoformans VNI isolates in the population described here that displayed non-wild-type susceptibility to AMB is noteworthy. Epidemiological surveillance of the antifungal resistance of cryptococcal strains is relevant due to the potential burden and the high lethality of cryptococcal meningitis in the Amazon region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T20:12:16Z","timestamp":1544559136000},"page":"864-873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparative antifungal susceptibility analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans VNI and Cryptococcus gattii VGII from the Brazilian Amazon Region by the Etest, Vitek 2, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00edlia Martins","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fungal Section, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, INCQS\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Almeida-Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7818-678X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Brito-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Roberto","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fungal Section, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, INCQS\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Madi","family":"Fialho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fungal Section, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, INCQS\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Trilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadina Penarrieta","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Management board, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, INCQS\/ Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wallace","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilaide Oliveira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Foundation of Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana Tulio","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Research Centre, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, RR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cardarelli-Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Section, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, INCQS\/ Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia dos Santos","family":"L\u00e1zera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.838-840.1999","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates","volume":"37","author":"Franzot","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.2307\/1555045","volume":"51","author":"Kwon-Chung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780902953886","article-title":"Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii","volume":"47","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-4-891","article-title":"Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"147","author":"Boekhout","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiol."},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.046672","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing reveals three genetic subpopulations of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), including a unique population in Botswana","volume":"172","author":"Litvintseva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328322ffac","article-title":"Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"23","author":"Park B","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30243-8","article-title":"Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib8","first-page":"865","article-title":"Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii: Pacific Northwest, 2004\u20132010","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060827","article-title":"Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA","volume":"13","author":"MacDougall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008000800012","article-title":"Primary endemic Cryptococcosis gattii by molecular type VGII in the state of Par\u00e1, Brazil","volume":"103","author":"Santos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2011.05.003","article-title":"Characterization of clinical isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex from the Amazonas State in Brazil","volume":"29","author":"Da Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071148","article-title":"Ancient dispersal of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii from the Amazon rainforest","volume":"8","author":"Hagen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0115866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115866","article-title":"Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin","volume":"10","author":"Brito-Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004885","article-title":"Genetic analysis reveals a high genetic diversity in the Brazilian Cryptococcus gattii VGII population and shifts the global origin from the Amazon Rainforest to the semi-arid desert in the Northeast of Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Souto","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1086\/649858","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Perfect","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e334","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30303-1","article-title":"Fungal infections in HIV\/AIDS","volume":"17","author":"Limper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.5.975-a","article-title":"Increased fluconazole resistance of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from a patient with AIDS and recurrent meningitis","volume":"19","author":"Paugam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.748","article-title":"Fluconazole tolerance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"41","author":"Venkateswarlu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110404","article-title":"Combination antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"368","author":"Day","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12747","article-title":"2018. A systematic review of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus species","volume":"61","author":"Bongomin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00153-10","article-title":"Heteroresistance of Cryptococcus gattii to fluconazole","volume":"54","author":"Varma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.715763","article-title":"Fluconazole resistance in cryptococcal disease: emerging or intrinsic?","volume":"51","author":"Cheong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044481312-1\/50087-3","article-title":"Filobasidiella Kwon-Chung","volume-title":"The Yeast: A Taxonomic Study","author":"Kwon-Chun","year":"1998","edition":"4th edn"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1251\/bpo68","article-title":"Experimental modulation of capsule size in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"6","author":"Zaragoza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Proced Online"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399484","article-title":"Taxonomic studies on Filobasidiella species and their anamorphs","volume":"48","author":"Kwon-Chung","year":"1982","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/00362178285380031","article-title":"Plate method for detection of phospholipase activity in Candida albicans","volume":"20","author":"Price","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2683(19990101)20:8<1790::AID-ELPS1790>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey","volume":"20","author":"Meyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020246","article-title":"Molecular typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib29","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Reference Method for broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard","author":"Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2008"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib30","volume-title":"VITEK 2TM technology: manual do utilizador do software 510773\u20135PT(06\/2008)24254","author":"bioM\u00e9rieux","year":"2008"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib31","volume-title":"Etest antimicrobial susceptibility testing for in vitro diagnostic use","author":"bioM\u00e9rieux","year":"2010"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06252-11","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and flucytosine","volume":"56","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01115-12","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole","volume":"56","author":"Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib34","first-page":"e00986","article-title":"Quorum sensing-mediated, cell density-dependent regulation of growth and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"5","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2013","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1488-3","article-title":"Microbiological characteristics of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus spp. in Bahia, Brazil: molecular types and antifungal susceptibilities","volume":"31","author":"Matos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01662.x","article-title":"Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans species complex isolates in Goiania, Brazil","volume":"53","author":"Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.602126","article-title":"Correlation of antifungal susceptibility and molecular type within the Cryptococcus neoformans\/C. gattii species complex","volume":"50","author":"Trilles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.4446","article-title":"Molecular typing and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp. from patients in Midwest Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Favalessa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0197841","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197841","article-title":"MLST reveals a clonal population structure for Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNI isolates from clinical sources in Amazonas, Northern-Brazil","volume":"13","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12499","article-title":"Molecular typing of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans\/C. gattii species complex isolates from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","volume":"59","author":"Alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2731-8","article-title":"Molecular characterisation and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Cryptococcus deuterogattii (AFLP6\/VGII) isolates from Southern Brazil","volume":"35","author":"Herkert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000600010","article-title":"First description of phenotypic profile and in vitro drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp. yeast isolated from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in State of Mato Grosso","volume":"42","author":"Favalessa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.11.016","article-title":"Susceptibility to antifungal agents and genotypes of Brazilian clinical and environmental Cryptococcus gattii strains","volume":"72","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.6.997","article-title":"Comparison of the Etest and microdilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans to four antifungal agents","volume":"46","author":"Aller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1136-2","article-title":"In vitro activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole against 162 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Africa and Cambodia","volume":"23","author":"Chandenier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01520-05","article-title":"Results obtained with various antifungal susceptibility testing methods do not predict early clinical outcome in patients with cryptococcosis","volume":"50","author":"Dannaoui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46789-0","article-title":"Comparative analysis of Etest and broth microdilution method (AFST-EUCAST) for trends in antifungal drug susceptibility testing of Brazilian Cryptococcus neoformans isolates","volume":"55","author":"Dias","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-015-9871-8","article-title":"Comparison of different in vitro tests to detect Cryptococcus neoformans not susceptible to amphotericin B","volume":"179","author":"C\u00f3rdoba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-012-9528-9","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the Vitek 2 antifungal susceptibility system and E-test with the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing of Indian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"173","author":"Tewari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.09.006","article-title":"Comparison of Etests and Vitek 2 \u00ae to broth microdilution for the susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"80","author":"Mahabeer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780903473343","article-title":"Evaluation of the VITEK 2 system to test the susceptibility of Candida spp., Trichosporon asahii and Cryptococcus neoformans to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole and voriconazole: a comparison with the M27-A3 reference method","volume":"48","author":"Cejudo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.07.007","article-title":"Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiologic cutoff values for fluconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole when testing Cryptococcus neoformans as determined by the CLSI broth microdilution method","volume":"71","author":"Pfaller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091119584570200_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.02.018","article-title":"Epidemiologic cutoff values for triazole drugs in Cryptococcus gattii: correlation of molecular type and in vitro susceptibility","volume":"73","author":"Lockhart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/57\/7\/864\/29186175\/myy150.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T09:54:51Z","timestamp":1605606891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/57\/7\/864\/5290474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myy150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-3786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]}}}