{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:00:26Z","timestamp":1789905626482,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"PLA General Hospital Research","award":["2017MBD-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017MBD-024"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16JCYBJC43000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16JCYBJC43000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) is still challenging due to absence of specific clinical signs and symptoms. In this study we investigate the clinical value of (1,3)-\u03b2-D-glucan (BDG), mannan (MN), antimannan immunoglobulin G (AM-IgG), and antimannan immunoglobulin M (AM-IgM) assay in diagnosis of IC. During 2016 to 2018 serum samples from 71 patients with IC and 185 patients without IC were collected. Serum samples from 41 patients with bacteremia were also enrolled as additional control. Significant differences in mean serum biomarkers levels between IC and control group were observed. At low cutoff threshold the sensitivity and specificity of BDG (70 pg\/ml), MN (50 pg\/ml), AM-IgG (80 AU\/ml), and AM-IgM (80 AU\/ml) assay were 64.8% and 90.8%, 64.8 and 89.2%,74.6% and 87.0%, 57.7% and 60.0%, respectively. Combined use of BDG\/MN, BDG\/AM-IgG and MN\/AM-IgG improved the sensitivity and specificity to 85.9% and 81.1%, 85.9% and 80.0%, 81.7% and 81.6%, respectively. The combination of BDG\/MN, BDG\/AM-IgG, or MN\/AM-IgG may provide an encouraging approach for diagnosis of IC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T07:08:15Z","timestamp":1546412895000},"page":"976-986","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical value of (1,3)-\u03b2-D-glucan, mannan, antimannan IgG and IgM antibodies in diagnosis of invasive candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Fengtian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165rv113","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.06.012","article-title":"The PATH (Prospective Antifungal Therapy) Alliance(R) registry and invasive fungal infections: update 2012","volume":"73","author":"Azie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1086\/504810","article-title":"Time to initiation of fluconazole therapy impacts mortality in patients with candidemia: a multi-institutional study","volume":"43","author":"Garey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3640-3645.2005","article-title":"Delaying the empiric treatment of candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality","volume":"49","author":"Morrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit006","article-title":"Finding the \u201cmissing 50%\u201d of invasive candidiasis: how nonculture diagnostics will improve understanding of disease spectrum and transform patient care","volume":"56","author":"Clancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-103","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of (1, 3)-beta-D-glucan, mannan and anti-mannan antibodies, and Candida species-specific snPCR in patients with candidemia","volume":"7","author":"Alam","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02473-12","article-title":"Comparison of (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan, mannan\/anti-mannan antibodies, and Cand-Tec Candida antigen as serum biomarkers for candidemia","volume":"51","author":"Held","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1324-3","article-title":"Contribution of Candida biomarkers and DNA detection for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in ICU patients with severe abdominal conditions","volume":"20","author":"Leon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu018","article-title":"Characteristic and clinical relevance of Candida mannan test in the diagnosis of probable invasive candidiasis","volume":"52","author":"Chumpitazi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R222","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9365","article-title":"Third European Conference on Infections in Leukemia G. The use of mannan antigen and anti-mannan antibodies in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: recommendations from the Third European Conference on Infections in Leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Mikulska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12482","article-title":"Specificity of mannan antigen and anti-mannan antibody screening in patients with haematological malignancies at risk for fungal infection","volume":"59","author":"Duettmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05267-11","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of serum 1,3-beta-D-glucan for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, invasive candidiasis, and invasive aspergillosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Onishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq206","article-title":"beta-D-glucan assay for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Karageorgopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx004","article-title":"An evaluation of the performance of the Dynamiker(R) fungus (1-3)-beta-D-glucan assay to assist in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis and Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"55","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2616-y","article-title":"Value of beta-D-glucan and Candida albicans germ tube antibody for discriminating between Candida colonization and invasive candidiasis in patients with severe abdominal conditions","volume":"38","author":"Leon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201211-2069OC","article-title":"Beta-glucan antigenemia anticipates diagnosis of blood culture-negative intraabdominal candidiasis","volume":"188","author":"Tissot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cri Care Med"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4551-4558.2003","article-title":"Contribution of the platelia Candida-specific antibody and antigen tests to early diagnosis of systemic Candida tropicalis infection in neutropenic adults","volume":"41","author":"Sendid","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv090","article-title":"Candida biomarkers in patients with candidaemia and bacteraemia","volume":"70","author":"Martinez-Jimenez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1244-8","article-title":"Reactivity of (1\u21923)-beta-d-glucan assay in bacterial bloodstream infections","volume":"30","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03567-13","article-title":"Use and limits of (1-3)-beta-d-glucan assay (Fungitell), compared to galactomannan determination (Platelia Aspergillus), for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"52","author":"Sulahian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019100313121251300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.006452-0","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of mannan and anti-mannan antibodies for diagnosis of invasive Candida infections in patients with neutropenic fever","volume":"58","author":"Ellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/57\/8\/976\/30098476\/myy158.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T13:12:44Z","timestamp":1570108364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/57\/8\/976\/5367738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myy158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-3786","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}}}