{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:45:16Z","timestamp":1776779116029,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005187","name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70\/3\/11724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70\/3\/11724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005187","name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70\/3\/9326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70\/3\/9326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Candida osteomyelitis is a debilitating disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat. As there are no animal models or prospective studies for this uncommon infection, little is known about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, or treatment. We therefore sought to establish an animal model for the study of the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions of Candida osteomyelitis. We developed a modified version of the Norden rabbit model of tibial osteomyelitis, in which the right tibia was inoculated intraoperatively with different inocula of C. albicans or normal saline as control. On days 7, 14, and 21 after inoculation, the animals underwent bone radiography, 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET\/CT) scan, and blood sampling for blood cultures, blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and Candida mannan antigen serum levels. On day 21, animals were euthanized, and infected tibias harvested for culture and histology. Among eight evaluable animals inoculated with 1 \u00d7 106 to 1 \u00d7 107 cfu, histology and bone cultures established the presence of Candida osteomyelitis in seven, with a host response of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, multinucleate giant cells, fibrosis, and necrosis. Infected animals demonstrated radiological signs of osteomyelitis with significantly increased tracer uptake in 18FDG-PET\/CT scans (P &lt; .01) and elevated serum mannan levels (P &lt; .01). All blood cultures were negative. Indices of inflammation were only slightly increased. In conclusion, we report successful establishment of a new animal model of Candida albicans osteomyelitis that may be applicable to advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and treatment of this debilitating infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T15:14:48Z","timestamp":1547046888000},"page":"1011-1017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Experimental Candida albicans osteomyelitis: Microbiologic, antigenic, histologic, and 18FDG-PET-CT imaging characteristics in a newly established rabbit model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Maria N","family":"Gamaletsou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Meletiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Chatziioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"PET\/CT Section, Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis G","family":"Panayiotides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 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